Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Redistribution of Fractions of Zinc, Cadmium, Nickel, Copper, and Lead in Contaminated Calcareous Soils Treated with EDTA

  • Published:
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Effect of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the fractionation of zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) in contaminated calcareous soils was investigated. Soil samples containing variable levels of contamination, from 105.9 to 5803 mg/kg Zn, from 2.2 to 1361 mg/kg Cd, from 31 to 64.0 mg/kg Ni, from 24 to 84 mg/kg Cu, and from 109 to 24,850 mg/kg Pb, were subjected to EDTA treatment at different dosages of 0, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg. Metals in the incubated soils were fractionated after 5 months by a sequential extraction procedure, in which the metal fractions were experimentally defined as exchangeable (EXCH), carbonate (CARB), Mn oxide (MNO), Fe oxide (FEO), organic matter (OM), and residual (RES) fractions. In contaminated soils without EDTA addition, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Pb were predominately present in the RES fraction, up to 60.0%, 32.3%, 41.1%, and 36.8%, respectively. In general, with the EDTA addition, the EXCH and CARB fractions of these metals increased dramatically while the OM fraction decreased. The Zn, Ni, Cu, and Pb were distributed mostly in RES, OM, FEO, and CARB fractions in contaminated soils, but Cd was found predominately in the CARB, MNO, and RES fractions. The OM fraction decreased with increasing amounts of EDTA. In the contaminated soils, EDTA removed some Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ni from MNO, FEO, and OM fractions and redistributed them into CARB and EXCH fractions. Based on the relative percent in the EXCH and CARB fractions, the order of solubility was Cd > Pb > Ni > Cu > Zn for contaminated soils, before adding of EDTA, and after adding of EDTA, the order of solubility was Pb > Cd > Zn > Ni > Cu. The risk of groundwater contamination will increase after applying EDTA and it needed to be used very carefully.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adamo P, Denaix L, Terribile F, Zampella M (2003) Characterization of heavy metals in contaminated volcanic soils of the Solofrana river valley (southern Italy). Geoderma 117:347–366

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adriano DC (1986) Trace elements in the terrestrial environment. Springer-Verlag, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez JM, Lopez-Valdivia LM, Novillo J, Obrador A, Rico MI (2006) Comparison of EDTA and sequential extraction tests for phytoavailability prediction of manganese and zinc in agricultural alkaline soils. Geoderma 132:450–463

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker DL (1990) Copper. In: Alloway BJ (ed) Heavy metals in soils. Blackie & Sons, London, pp 151–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Basta NT, Pantone DJ, Tabatabai MA (1993) Path analysis of heavy metal adsorption by soil. Agron J 85:1054–1057

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berti WR, Jacobs LW (1996) Chemistry and phytotoxicity of soil trace elements from repeated sewage sludge application. J Environ Qual 25:1025–1032

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bolton JR, Li SW, Workmen DJ, Girvin DC (1993) Biodegradation of synthetic chelates in subsurface sediments from the southeast Costal Plain. Environ Qual 22:125–132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown GA, Elliot HA (1992) Influence of electrolytes on EDTA extraction of Pb from polluted soils. Water Air Soil Pollut 62:157–165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang AC, Page AL, Warneke JE, Grgurevic E (1984) Sequential extraction of soil heavy metals following a sludge application. J Environ Qual 13:33–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen YX, Shi JY, Zhang WD, Lin Q, Tian GM (2004) EDTA and industrial waste water improving the bioavailability of different Cu forms in contaminated soil. Plant Soil 261:117–125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chlopecka A, Bacon JR, Wilson MJ, Kay J (1996) Forms pf cadmium, lead and zinc in contaminated soils from southwest Poland. J Environ Qual 25:69–79

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott HA, Brown GA (1989) Comparative evaluation of NTA and EDTA for extractive decontamination of Pb-polluted soils. Water Air Soil Pollut 45:361–369

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott HA, Shastri NL (1999) Extractive decontamination of metal- polluted soils using oxalate. Water Air Soil Pollut 110:335–346

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finzgar N, Lestan D (2007) Multi-step leaching of Pb and Zn contaminated soils with EDTA. Chemosphere 66(5):824–832

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson MJ, Farmer JG (1986) Multistep sequential chemical extraction of heavy metals from urbon soils. Environ Pollut B 11:117–135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greman H, Velikonja-Bolta S, Vodnik D, Kos B, Lestan D (2001) EDTA enhanced heavy metal phytoextraction: metal accumulation, leaching and toxicity. Plant Soil 235:105–114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han FX, Hu AT, Qi YH (1995) Transformation and distribution of forms of zinc in acid, neutral and calcareous soils of China. Geoderma 66:121–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison RM, Laxen DPH, Wilson SJ (1981) Chemical associations of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc in street dusts and roadside soils. Environ Sci Technol 15:1378–1383

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He Y (1997) Adsorption and transport of zinc and lead in soil as affected by organic ligands. PhD thesis. Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS

  • Hong PKA, Li C, Banjeri SK, Regmi T (1999) Extraction, recovery, and biostability of EDTA for remediation of heavy metal contamination soil. J Soil Contam 8(1):81–103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kabata-Pendias A, Pendias H (2001) Trace elemant in soils and plants, 2nd ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 413

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee CS, Kao M (2004) Effects of extracting reagents and metal speciation on the removal of heavy metal contaminated soils by chemical extraction. J Environ Sci Health, Part A: Environ Sci Eng 39(5):1233–1249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Z, Shuman LM. (1996) Redistribution of forms of zinc, cadmium and nickel in soils treated with EDTA. Sci Total Environ 191:95–107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Z, Shuman LM (1997) Mobility of Zn, Cd, and Pb in soils as affected by poultry litter extract- II. Redistribution among soil fractions. Environ Pollut 95:227–234

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Logan TL, Chaney RL (1983) Utilization of municipal wastewater and sludge on land-metals. In: Page AL, et al. (eds) Utilization of municipal waste water and sludge on land. University of California Press, Riverside, pp 235–326

    Google Scholar 

  • Lombi E, Zhao FJ, Dunham SJ, Mc Grath SP (2001) Phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils: natural hyper accumulation versus chemically enhanced phytoextraction. J Environ Qual 30:1919–1926

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu A, Zhang S, Shan XQ (2005) Time effect on the fractionation of heavy metals in soils. Geoderma 125:225–234

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manouchehri N, Besancon S, Bermond A (2006) Major and trace metal extraction from soil by EDTA equilibrium and kinetic studies. Anal Chim Acta 559:105–112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mbila MO, Thompson ML, Mbagwu JS, Laird DA (2001) Distribution and movement of sludge-derived trace metals in selected Nigerian soils. J Environ Qual 30:1667–1674

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLaren RG, Crawford DV (1973) Studies of soil Cu: I. The fractionation of Cu in soils. J Soil Sci 24:172–181

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller WP, Martins DC, Zelazny LW (1986) Effect of sequence in extraction of trace metals from soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 50:598–601

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norvell WA (1991) Reactions of metal chelates in soils and nutrient solutions. In: Mortvelt JJ, Cox FR, Shuman LM, Welch RM (eds) Micronutrients in agriculture, 2nd ed., Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp 187–227

    Google Scholar 

  • Obrador A, Novillo Y, Alvarez YM (2003) Mobility and availability to plants of two zinc sources applied to a calcareous soil. Soil Sci Soc Am J 67:564–572

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papassiopi N, Tambouris S, Kontopoulos A (1999) Removal of heavy metals from calcareous contaminated soils by EDTA leaching. Water Air Soil Pollut 109:1–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petruzzelli G (1989) Recycling wastes in agriculture: heavy metal bioavailability. Agric Ecosyst Environ 27:493–503

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pichtel J, Pichtel TM (1997) Comparison of solvent for ex situ removal of chromium and lead from contaminated soil. Environ Engineer Sci 14:97–104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qian J, Wang Z, Shan X, Tu Q, Wen B, Chen B (1996) Evaluation of plant availability of soil trace metals by chemical fractionation and multiple regression analysis. Environ Pollut 91:309–315

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramos L, Hernandez LM, Gonzalez MJ (1994) Sequential fractionation of copper, lead, cadmium and zinc in soils from near Donana National Park. J Environ Qual 23:50–57

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowell DL (1994) Soil science: Methods and applications. Longman Group, Harlow, UK, p 345

    Google Scholar 

  • Samsoe-Petersen L, Larsen EH, Larsen PB, Bruun P (2002) Uptake of trace elements and PAHs by fruit and vegetable from contaminated soils. Environ Sci Technol 36:3057–3063

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shuman LM (1991) Chemicalforms of micronutrient in soils. In: Morvedt JJ, Cox FR, Shuman LM, Welch RM (eds) Micronutrients in agriculture, 2nd ed. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp 113–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Speir TW, Van Schaik AP, Percival HJ, Close ME, Pang L (2003) Heavy metal in soil, plants and groundwater following high-rate sewage sludge application to land. Water Air Soil Pollut 150:319–358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sposito G, Luud J, Change AC (1983) Trace metal chemistry in arid-zone field soils amended with sewage sludge: I. Fractionation of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in solid phases. Soil Sci Soc Am J 46:260–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson J, Welch L (1982) Humus chemistry: Genesis, composition, reactions. Wiley New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun B, Zhao FJ, Lombi E, Mc Grath SP (2001) Leaching of heavy metals from contaminated soils using EDTA. Environ Pollut 113:111–120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tessier A, Campbell PGC, Bisson M (1979) Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate teace metals. Anal Chem 51:844–851

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsadilas CD, Matsi T, Barbayiannis N, Dimoyiannis D (1995) Influence of sewage sludge application on soil properties and on the distribution and availability of heavy metals fraction. Common Soil Sci Plant Anal 26:2603–2619

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tyler LD, McBride MB (1982) Mobility and extractability of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn in organic and mineral soil columns. Soil Sci 143:198–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ullrich MS, Ramsey HM, Helios-Rybicka E (1999) Total and exchangeable concentrations of heavy metals in soil near Bytom, an area of Pb/Zn mining and smelting in Upper Silesia, Poland. Appl Geochem 14:187–196

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu LH, Luo YM, Xing XR, Christie P (2004) EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil with Indian mustard and associated potential leaching risk. Agric Ecosyst Environ 102:307–318

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are especially grateful to Dr. M.S. Liphadzi and anonymous referee for critical review and perceptive comments on the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran

    Mohsen Jalali & Zahra V. Khanlari

Authors
  1. Mohsen Jalali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zahra V. Khanlari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohsen Jalali.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jalali, M., Khanlari, Z.V. Redistribution of Fractions of Zinc, Cadmium, Nickel, Copper, and Lead in Contaminated Calcareous Soils Treated with EDTA. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 53, 519–532 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-006-0252-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-006-0252-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation