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Short-Term Dynamic Change of Gill Copper in Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio, Evaluated by a Sequential Extraction

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Abstract

Dynamic changes in Cu speciation and its binding to fish gills were investigated by exposing common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to a 1 mg/1 Cu solution for 7 hours. Cu speciation in the bulk solution and fish gill microenvironment was calculated using general chemical equilibrium modeling. A sequential extraction procedure using distilled water, magnesium dichloride (1.0 mol/1), and acetic acid (10%) was used to characterize the Cu associated with the fish gills. Cu residual in the gill tissue was measured after the sequential extraction. Changes in total Cu concentration, pH, and dissolved organic carbon (Doc) in the bulk solution were recorded during the experimental period and calculated for the fish gill microenvironment. Cu-hydroxide species and Cu2 were dominant Cu species in both bulk solution and the fish gill microenvironment, whereas increased Cu–mucus was found in the fish gill microenvironment. DOC in the exposure medium, assumed to arise from mucus release, also increased and complexed Cu in solution. Forty-three percent of the Cu associated with the gills was readily water extractable, with an additional 22% exchangeable with Mg2+ or protons. Only 35% of the Cu accumulated within the gill tissues. The binding of Cu to the fish gills reached apparent equilibrium after 3 hours of exposure. Furthermore, the amount of water-extractable Cu within the gills showed significant correlation to the concentration of Cu predicted to be complexed with calculated free mucus in the gill microenvironment.

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Acknowledgments

Funding was provided by International Copper Association (Grant No. E-AS-02-03) and The National Scientific Foundation of China (Grants No. 400332015 and 40021101).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China

    S. Tao, W. X. Liu, G. J. Liu & J. Cao

  2. Center for Rural Development Policy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China

    R. Dawson

  3. Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong SAR, China

    P. K. Wong

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  1. S. Tao
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  2. W. X. Liu
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  3. G. J. Liu
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  4. R. Dawson
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  5. J. Cao
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  6. P. K. Wong
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Correspondence to S. Tao.

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Tao, S., Liu, W.X., Liu, G.J. et al. Short-Term Dynamic Change of Gill Copper in Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio, Evaluated by a Sequential Extraction. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 51, 408–415 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-0170-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-0170-0

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