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Antiurolithiatic effect of the taraxasterol on ethylene glycol induced kidney calculi in male rats

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Abstract

Taraxasterol is one of the important constituents of Taraxacum officinale L. (Compositae) with antioxidant potential. The present study was designed to evaluate and compare the antiurolithiatic effects of taraxasterol and potassium citrate in the ethylene glycol induced urolithiatic rat. Urolithiasis was induced by ammonium chloride and ethylene glycol in adult male rats. Taraxasterol (2, 4 and 8 mg/kg) and potassium citrate (2.5 g/kg) were treated for 33 days by gavage. Then, the animals were anesthetized and weighted and blood, urine, liver and kidney sampling were done. The kidney sections were prepared by hematoxylin & eosin staining. The liver and kidney coefficients, urine pH, calcium, magnesium, oxalate and citrate levels, serum albumin, calcium and magnesium levels, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in serum, kidney and liver, number of calcium oxalate crystal deposits, score of crystal deposits, score of histopathological damages and score of inflammation in kidney sections were evaluated. The results showed that taraxasterol decreased liver and kidney coefficients (p < 0.001), serum calcium (p < 0.01) level, serum alanine aminotransferase (p < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (p < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.05) activities, urine magnesium (p < 0.05) and oxalate (p < 0.001) levels, number of crystal deposits (p < 0.001), score of crystal deposits (p < 0.01), score of histopathological damages (p < 0.001) and score of inflammation (p < 0.01) in kidney sections, while increased urine pH (p < 0.01), calcium (p < 0.001) and citrate (p < 0.05), serum magnesium (p < 0.001) and albumin (p < 0.01) levels, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in serum (p < 0.01), kidney (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) and liver (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) tissue homogenates in treated urolithiatic rats in comparison to the control urolithiatic rats. The effect of potassium citrate is the same as taraxasterol in treated urolithiatic rats. In conclusion, the effect of taraxasterol could be by improving liver function, changing serum and urine parameters, maintaining the antioxidant environment, reducing crystal deposition, excretion of small deposits from kidney and reducing the chance of them being retained in the urinary tract.

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Abbreviations

ALT:

Alanine aminotransferase

AC:

Ammonium chloride

AST:

Aspartate aminotransferase

CaOx:

Calcium oxalate

EG:

Ethylene glycol

GPx:

Glutathione peroxidase

H & E:

Hematoxylin-Eosin

IL-6:

Interleukin 6

IL-1β:

Interleukin-1β

i.p.:

Intraperitoneally

KIM-1:

Kidney injury marker protein

LDH:

Lactate dehydrogenase

MCP-1:

Monocytes Chemo-attractant Protein-1

NO:

Nitric oxide

PCL:

Potassium citrate

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Deputy Research of the Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, for support of the project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, College of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Mahboubeh Yousefi Ghale-Salimi & Ramezan Ali Khavari-Nejad

  2. Department of Biology, College of Biological Sciences, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva, Iran

    Maryam Eidi

  3. School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Nasser Ghaemi

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  1. Mahboubeh Yousefi Ghale-Salimi
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  2. Maryam Eidi
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  3. Nasser Ghaemi
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Correspondence to Maryam Eidi.

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No funding was received for this study.

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All Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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All experimental procedures were conducted in accordance with the guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals observed at the Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University and were in agreement with institutional guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals (NIH, publication No. 85-23, revised 2010; European Communities Directive 86/609/EEC).

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Yousefi Ghale-Salimi, M., Eidi, M., Ghaemi, N. et al. Antiurolithiatic effect of the taraxasterol on ethylene glycol induced kidney calculi in male rats. Urolithiasis 46, 419–428 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-017-1023-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-017-1023-9

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