Abstract
We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy (URS-PL) for the treatment of urological calculi under sacral block anesthesia. URS-PL was performed with a semirigid ureteroscope under sacral block anesthesia in 90 patients between January 2006 and April 2010. Calculi were located in the middle ureter in 20 patients, the distal ureter in 48 patients, the bladder in 20 patients, and the urethra in 2 patients. We carried out URS-PL in all patients under sacral block anesthesia with 20 ml 2% lidocaine. An objective pain score scale was used to assess patient pain and anxiety. Adverse events were recorded. The results showed the overall stone-free rate was 97.8%, the rate being 100% for calculi in the bladder, urethral and distal ureter, 90.0% for calculi in the midureter. The mean operative time was 25.2 min (range 10–60 min). We had perfect pain control in the majority of the patients. Patients’ acceptance was very high. Only two patient required conversion to epidural block anesthesia. No anesthetic-related side effects occurred in all patients. These finding suggest that sacral block anesthesia is a safe and efficacious mend during URS-PL in urological calculi, especially those patients in the distal ureter and calculi <1 cm.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Broadman LM, Hannallah RS, Belman AB, Elder PT, Ruttimann U, Epstein BS (1987) Post-circumcision analgesia—a prospective evaluation of subcutaneous ring block of the penis. Anesthesiology 67:399
Denstedt JD, Eberwein PM, Singh RR (1992) The Swiss Lithoclast: a new device for intracorporeal lithotripsy. J Urol 148:1088
Denstedt JD, Razvi HA, Rowe E, Grignon DJ, Eberwein PM (1995) Investigation of the tissue effects of a new device for intracorporeal lithotripsy: the Swiss Lithoclast. J Urol 153:535
Irani J, Fournier F, Bon D (1997) Patient tolerance of transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate. Br J Urol 79:608
Kitamura T, Fujiwara H, Nagata O (2001) Anesthetic management using propofol and fentanyl for transrectal ultrasound-guided prostatic biopsy. Masui 50:1209
Richard JW (1998) Caudal epidural blockade. In: Cousins MJ, Bridenbaugh PO (eds) Neural blockade in clinical anesthesia and management of pain, 3rd edn. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhu, H., Xiao, X., Chen, X. et al. Ureteroscopic treatment of urological calculi under sacral block anesthesia. Urol Res 40, 361–363 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-011-0417-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-011-0417-3