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Tensile, flexural and compressive strength studies on natural and artificial phosphate urinary stones

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Abstract

Mechanical properties of renal calculi dictate how a stone interacts and disintegrates by shock wave or intracorporeal lithotripsy techniques. Renal stones of different compositions have large variation in their mechanical strength and susceptibilities to shock waves. Operated urinary stones and artificially developed stones using pharmaceutical methods, composed of phosphates were subjected to tensile, flexural and compressive strength studies using universal testing machine. The infrared spectra confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite in both the natural stones and struvite with calcium oxalate trihydrate in one stone and struvite with uric acid in the other. The X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed their crystalline nature. It has been observed that the flexural properties depend on the size of the sample even for the samples cut from a single stone. The compressive strengths were almost 25 times larger than the tensile strengths of the respective natural stones as well as the artificial stones prepared.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the Managements of C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam and VIT University, Vellore for their encouragement and express their sincere thanks to Prof. Ganesh Gopalakrishnan, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore and Dr. A. Manamalli, Institute of Biochemistry, Madras Medical College, Chennai and the authors also acknowledge University Grants Commission and Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for providing financial assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, 632509, India

    A. Mohamed Ali

  2. School of Science and Humanities, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India

    N. Arunai Nambi Raj

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  1. A. Mohamed Ali
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  2. N. Arunai Nambi Raj
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Correspondence to N. Arunai Nambi Raj.

Additional information

This article directly relates to material presented at the 11th International Urolithiasis Symposium, Nice, 2–5 September 2008, from which the abstracts were published in the following issue of Urological Research: Urological Research (2008) 36:157–232. doi:10.1007/s00240-008-0145-5.

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Mohamed Ali, A., Arunai Nambi Raj, N. Tensile, flexural and compressive strength studies on natural and artificial phosphate urinary stones. Urol Res 36, 289–295 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-008-0158-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-008-0158-0

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