Abstract
We evaluated the effectiveness of the Siemens Lithostar Modularis lithotriptor for the management of distal ureteric calculi in children. Between 2004 and 2006, 29 children with distal ureteric calculi were treated in our stone center with the Siemens Lithostar Modularis (Siemens Medical Solutions, Inc.) Effectiveness of lithotripsy, retreatment and efficacy quotient rates, and complications were assessed. The series consisted of 18 (62%) boys and 11 (38%) girls with an age range of 1–13 years (average age 7.0 ± 3.5). Under fluoroscopic guidance, children were treated with a maximum 3,000 shocks at an average of 2.2 ± 0.3 kV. Mean stone size was 8.2 ± 3.2 mm (range 4–18). Success was defined as the lack of any visible stone fragments on posttreatment radiological evaluation. The mean number of sessions required was 1.5 ± 0.8/patient (range 1–4). Complete clearance rate at 3 months was 86.2%. Re-treatment and efficacy quotient rates for distal ureteral stones were 41.4 and 55.6%, respectively. Complications such as urinary tract infection or steinstrasse occurred in 2 (6.9%) patients. Minor complications included petechial skin hemorrhage at the site of entry of shock waves in all patients. Our results show that shock wave lithotripsy for distal ureteral calculi with the Siemens Lithostar Modularis lithotriptor has a high success rate (86.2%) and efficacy quotient (55.6%) with negligible complications in children.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cohen TD, Ehreth J, King LR, Preminger GM (1996) Pediatric urolithiasis: medical and surgical management. Urology 47:292–303
Chaussy C, Schmiedt E, Jocham D, Brendel W, Forssmann B, Walther V (1982) First clinical experience with extracorporeally induced destruction of kidney stones by shock waves. J Urol 127:417–420
Newman DM, Coury T, Lingeman JE, Mertz JH, Mosbaugh PG, Steele RE, Knapp PM (1986) Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy experience in children. J Urol 136:238–240
Hochreiter WW, Danuser H, Perrig M, Studer UE (2003) Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for distal ureteral calculi: what a powerful machine can achieve. J Urol 169:878–880
Ather MH, Paryani J, Memon A, Sulaiman MN (2001) A 10-year experience of managing ureteric calculi: changing trends towards endourological intervention-is there a role for open surgery? BJU Int 88:173–177
Dogan HS, Tekgul S, Akdogan B, Keskin MS, Sahin A (2004) Use of the holmium:YAG laser for ureterolithotripsy in children. BJU Int 94:131–133
Muslumanoglu AY, Tefekli AH, Altunrende F, Karadag MA, Baykal M, Akcay M (2006) Efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for ureteric stones in children. Int Urol Nephrol 38:225–229
Aksoy Y, Ozbey I, Atmaca AF, Polat O (2004) Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in children: experience using a mpl-9000 lithotriptor. World J Urol 22:115–119
Thomas R, Frentz JM, Harmon E, Frentz GD (1992) Effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on renal function and body height in pediatric patients. J Urol 148: 1064–1066
McCullough DL, Yeaman LD, Bo WJ, Assimos DG, Kroovand RL, Griffin AS, Furr EG (1989) Effects of shock waves on the rat ovary. J Urol 141: 666–669
Van Arsdalen KN, Kurzweil S, Smith J, Levin RM (1991) Effect of lithotripsy on immature rabbit bone and kidney development. J Urol 146: 213–216
Landau EH, Gofrit ON, Shapiro A, Meretyk S, Katz G, Shenfeld OZ, Golijanin D, Pode D (2001) Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is highly effective for ureteral calculi in children. J Urol 165:2316–2319
Nabi G, Baldo O, Cartledge J, Cross W, Joyce AD, Lloyd SN (2003) The impact of the Dornier compact delta lithotriptor on the management of primary ureteric calculi. Eur Urol 44:482–486
Al Busaidy SS, Prem AR, Medhat M, Giriraj D, Gopakumar P, Bhat HS (1998) Paediatric ureteric calculi: efficacy of primary in situ extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Br J Urol 82:90–96
Muslumanoglu AY, Tefekli A, Sarilar O, Binbay M, Altunrende F, Ozkuvanci U (2003) Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy as first line treatment alternative for urinary tract stones in children: a large scale retrospective analysis. J Urol 170:2405–2408
Tan MO, Karaoglan U, Sozen S, Biri H, Deniz N, Bozkirli I (2006) Minimally invasive treatment of ureteral calculi in children. Urol Res 34:381–387
Tan MO, Karaoglan U, Sozen S, Bozkirli I (2003) Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy for treatment of ureteral calculi in paediatric patients. Pediatr Surg Int 19:471–474
Tan AHH, Al-Omar M, Denstedt JD, Razvi H (2005) Ureteroscopy for pediatric urolithiasis: an evolving first-line therapy. Urology 65:153–156
El-Assmy A, Hafez AT, Eraky I, El-Nahas AR, El-Kappany HA (2006) Safety and outcome of rigid ureteroscopy for management of ureteral calculi in children. J Endourol 20: 252–255
Thomas JC, DeMarco RT, Donohoe JM, Adams MC, Brock JW 3rd, Pope JC 4th (2005) Pediatric ureteroscopic stone management. J Urol 174: 1072–1074
Lahme S (2006) Shockwave lithotripsy and endourological stone treatment in children. Urol Res 34: 112–117
Shroff S, Watson GM (1995) Experience with ureteroscopy in children. Br J Urol 75:395–400
Watson RB, James AN (1993) Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for ureteric calculi with the Dornier MFL5000 lithotriptor at a multi-user centre. Br J Urol 72:683–687
Albrecht W, Turk C, Marberger M (1990) ESWL and endourology on the same table: a feasible concept? J Lithotr Stone Dis 2:309–317
Al Busaidy SS, Prem AR, Medhat M (1997) Paediatric ureteroscopy for ureteric calculi: a 4-year experience. Br J Urol 80:797–801
Thomas R, Ortenberg J, Lee BR, Harmon EP (1993) Safety and efficacy of pediatric ureteroscopy for management of calculous disease. J Urol 149:1082–1084
Schuster TG, Russell KY, Bloom DA, Koo HP, Faerber GJ (2002) Ureteroscopy for the treatment of urolithiasis in children. J Urol 167:1813–1816
Harmon WJ, Sershon PD, Blute ML, Patterson DE, Segura JW (1997) Ureteroscopy: current practice and long-term complications. J Urol 157:28–32
De Dominicis M, Matarazzo E, Capozza N, Collura G, Caione P (2005) Retrograde ureteroscopy for distal ureteric stone removal in children. BJU Int 95:1049–1052
Vandeursen H, Devos P, Baert L (1991) Electromagnetic extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in children. J Urol 145:1229–1231
Slavkovic A, Radovanovic M, Vlajkovic M, Novakovic D, Djordjevic N, Stefanovic V (2006) Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the management of pediatric urolithiasis. Urol Res 34: 315–320
Kroovand RL, Harrison LH, McCullough DL (1987) Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in childhood. J Urol 138:1106–1108
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ozbey, I., Aksoy, Y., Ziypak, T. et al. Shock wave lithotripsy is effective and safe for distal ureteral calculi in children. Urol Res 35, 237–241 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-007-0108-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-007-0108-2