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Highly Conserved Caspase and Bcl-2 Homologues from the Sea Anemone Aiptasia pallida: Lower Metazoans as Models for the Study of Apoptosis Evolution

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Abstract

Key insight into the complexities of apoptosis may be gained from the study of its evolution in lower metazoans. In this study we describe two genes from a cnidarian, Aiptasia pallida, that are homologous to key genes in the apoptotic pathway from vertebrates. The first is a novel ancient caspase, acasp, that displays attributes of both initiator and executioner caspases and includes a caspase recruitment domain (CARD). The second, a Bcl-2 family member, abhp, contains a BH1 and BH2 domain and shares structural characteristics and phylogenetic affinity with a group of antiapoptotic Bcl-2s including A1 and Bcl-2L10. The breadth of occurrence of other invertebrate homologues across the phylogenetic trees of both genes suggests that the complexity of apoptotic pathways is an ancient trait that predates the evolution of vertebrates and higher invertebrates such as nematodes and flies. This paves the way for establishing new lower metazoan model systems for the study of apoptosis.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully thank members of the Weis lab for their comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (02372230-MCB) to V.W. and D.G.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA

    Simon R. Dunn, Wendy S. Phillips & Virginia M. Weis

  2. Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA

    Joseph W. Spatafora

  3. Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA

    Douglas R. Green

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  1. Simon R. Dunn
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Correspondence to Simon R. Dunn.

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Dunn, S.R., Phillips, W.S., Spatafora, J.W. et al. Highly Conserved Caspase and Bcl-2 Homologues from the Sea Anemone Aiptasia pallida: Lower Metazoans as Models for the Study of Apoptosis Evolution. J Mol Evol 63, 95–107 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-005-0236-7

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