Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

A review: recent advances in the application of 3D printing biomaterials in breast reconstruction research

  • Review
  • Published:
European Journal of Plastic Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Breast reconstruction is an indispensable component of surgical treatment for breast cancer. Currently, implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) has become a primary method, utilizing prosthetic implants. The advantages of implantation, such as fewer complications, safety, and convenience, have made it a research hotspot in recent years. Among implant materials, high-polymer materials stand out due to their lightweight, cost-effectiveness, high plasticity, and good biocompatibility, making them the most promising choice. Simultaneously, with the advancement of 3D printing technology, some 3D-printed prosthetic scaffolds have gradually emerged in breast reconstruction research and even in clinical applications. Therefore, this review briefly discusses the historical development of high-polymer biomaterials and related technologies in breast reconstruction. It also primarily explores the progress in the application of newly developed artificial implants, especially those based on emerging technologies like 3D printing. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the past and present developments in breast reconstruction, aiming to contribute to the synthesis of clinical advancements and future research directions in this field.

Level of evidence: Not ratable 

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F (2021) Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 71(3):209–249

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Zhou CM, Xue Q, Wang Y, Tong J, Ji M, Yang JJ (2021) Machine learning to predict the cancer-specific mortality of patients with primary non-metastatic invasive breast cancer. Surg Today 51(5):756–763

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Kolak A, Kamińska M, Sygit K, Budny A, Surdyka D, Kukiełka-Budny B, Burdan F (2017) Primary and secondary prevention of breast cancer. Ann Agric Environ Med 24(4):549–553

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Peart O (2015) Breast intervention and breast cancer treatment options. RadiolTechnol 86(5):535M-558M; quiz 559–62

  5. Maughan KL, Lutterbie MA, Ham PS (2010) Treatment of breast cancer. Am Fam Physician 81(11):1339–1346

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Rossi L, Mazzara C, Pagani O (2019) Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in young women. Curr Treat Options Oncol 20(12):86

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Yan J, Liu Z, Du S, Li J, Ma L, Li L (2020) Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in the precision medicine era. Methods Mol Biol 2204:53–61

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Fisher B, Jeong JH, Anderson S, Bryant J, Fisher ER, Wolmark N (2002) Twenty-five-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing radical mastectomy, total mastectomy, and total mastectomy followed by irradiation. N Engl J Med 347(8):567–575

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Zehra S, Doyle F, Barry M, Walsh S, Kell MR (2020) Health-related quality of life following breast reconstruction compared to total mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery among breast cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer 27(4):534–566

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhang C, Hu G, Biskup E, Qiu X, Zhang H, Zhang H (2018) Depression induced by total mastectomy, breast conserving surgery and breast reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg 42(7):2076–2085

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Plesca M, Bordea C, El Houcheimi B, Ichim E, Blidaru A (2016) Evolution of radical mastectomy for breast cancer. J Med Life 9(2):183–186

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Kim MK, Kim T, Moon HG, Jin US, Kim K, Kim J, Lee JW, Kim J, Lee E, Yoo TK, Noh DY, Minn KW, Han W (2015) Effect of cosmetic outcome on quality of life after breast cancer surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol 41(3):426–432

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Padmalatha S, Tsai YT, Ku HC, Wu YL, Yu T, Fang SY, Ko NY (2021) Higher risk of depression after total mastectomy versus breast reconstruction among adult women with breast cancer: a systematic review and metaregression. Clin Breast Cancer 21(5):e526–e538

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Fanakidou I, Zyga S, Alikari V, Tsironi M, Stathoulis J, Theofilou P (2018) Mental health, loneliness, and illness perception outcomes in quality of life among young breast cancer patients after mastectomy: the role of breast reconstruction. Qual Life Res 27(2):539–543

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Guliyeva G, Torres RA, Avila FR, Kaplan JL, Lu X, Forte AJ (2022) The impact of implant-based reconstruction on persistent pain after breast cancer surgery: a systematic review. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 75(2):519–527

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Popowich B, Kostaras X, Temple-Oberle C (2020) Breast reconstruction after therapeutic or prophylactic mastectomy for breast cancer: a comparison of guideline recommendations. Eur J Surg Oncol 46(6):1046–1051

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. de Kerckhove M, Matsunaga N, Tomita S, Fujii M, Terao Y (2023) Tertiary autologous breast reconstruction after implant-based reconstruction: safety and patient-related outcomes. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 79:47–54

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Murphy SV, Atala A (2014) 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs. Nat Biotechnol 32(8):773–785

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Mandrycky C, Wang Z, Kim K, Kim DH (2016) 3D bioprinting for engineering complex tissues. Biotechnol Adv 34(4):422–434

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Vijayavenkataraman S, Yan WC, Lu WF, Wang CH, Fuh JYH (2018) 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs for regenerative medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 132:296–332

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Leberfinger AN, Dinda S, Wu Y, Koduru SV, Ozbolat V, Ravnic DJ, Ozbolat IT (2019) Bioprinting functional tissues. Acta Biomater 95:32–49

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Rozen WM, Ashton MW, Taylor GI (2008) Defining the role for autologous breast reconstruction after mastectomy: social and oncologic implications. Clin Breast Cancer 8(2):134–142

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Teo I, Reece GP, Christie IC, Guindani M, Markey MK, Heinberg LJ, Crosby MA, Fingeret MC (2016) Body image and quality of life of breast cancer patients: influence of timing and stage of breast reconstruction. Psychooncology 25(9):1106–1112

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Stefura T, Rusinek J, Wątor J, Zagórski A, Zając M, Libondi G, Wysocki WM, Koziej M (2023) Implant vs. autologous tissue-based breast reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies comparing surgical approaches in 55,455 patients. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 77:346–358

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Panchal H, Matros E (2017) Current trends in postmastectomy breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 140(5S Advances in Breast Reconstruction):7s-13s

  26. von Glinski M, Holler N, Kümmel S, Wallner C, Wagner JM, Sogorski A, Reinkemeier F, Reinisch M, Lehnhardt M, Behr B (2023) The partner perspective on autologous and implant-based breast reconstruction. Aesthetic Plast Surg 47(4):1324–1331

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Chu MW, Samra F, Kanchwala SK, Momeni A (2017) Treatment options for bilateral autologous breast reconstruction in patients with inadequate donor-site volume. J Reconstr Microsurg 33(5):305–311

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Escandón JM, Escandón L, Ahmed A, Weiss A, Nazerali R, Ciudad P, Langstein HN, Manrique OJ (2022) Breast reconstruction using the Latissimus Dorsi Flap and Immediate Fat Transfer (LIFT): a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 75(11):4106–4116

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Chhaya MP, Melchels FP, Holzapfel BM, Baldwin JG, Hutmacher DW (2015) Sustained regeneration of high-volume adipose tissue for breast reconstruction using computer aided design and biomanufacturing. Biomaterials 52:551–560

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. O’Halloran NA, Dolan EB, Kerin MJ, Lowery AJ, Duffy GP (2018) Hydrogels in adipose tissue engineering-potential application in post-mastectomy breast regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 12(12):2234–2247

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Banani MA, Rahmatullah M, Farhan N, Hancox Z, Yousaf S, Arabpour Z, Moghaddam ZS, Mozafari M, Sefat F (2021) Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells for breast tissue regeneration. Regen Med 16(1):47–70

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Li L, Su Y, Xiu B, Huang X, Chi W, Hou J, Zhang Y, Tian J, Wang J, Wu J (2019) Comparison of prepectoral and subpectoral breast reconstruction after mastectomies: a systematic review and meta analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol 45(9):1542–1550

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Liu J, Zheng X, Lin S, Han H, Xu C (2022) A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prepectoral single-stage breast reconstruction. Support Care Cancer 30(7):5659–5668

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Kim JH, Hong SE (2020) A comparative analysis between subpectoral versus prepectoral single stage direct-to-implant breast reconstruction. Medicina (Kaunas) 56(10):537. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56100537

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Potter S, Conroy EJ, Cutress RI, Williamson PR, Whisker L, Thrush S, Skillman J, Barnes NLP, Mylvaganam S, Teasdale E, Jain A, Gardiner MD, Blazeby JM, Holcombe C (2019) Short-term safety outcomes of mastectomy and immediate implant-based breast reconstruction with and without mesh (iBRA): a multicentre, prospective cohort study. Lancet Oncol 20(2):254–266

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Freeman MD, Vemula R, Rao R, Matatov TS, Strong AL, Tandon R, Chaffin AE, Jansen DA (2016) Refinements in the techniques of 2-stage breast reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 76(Suppl 4):S304–S311

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Qureshi AA, Broderick KP, Belz J, Funk S, Reaven N, Brandt KE, Tenenbaum MM, Margenthaler JA, Aft RL, Myckatyn TM (2016) Uneventful versus successful reconstruction and outcome pathways in implant-based breast reconstruction with acellular dermal matrices. Plast Reconstr Surg 138(2):173e–183e

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Remington AC, Gurtner GC, Wan DC, Nguyen D, Momeni A (2019) Identifying risk factors for postoperative major complications in staged implant-based breast reconstruction with AlloDerm. Breast J 25(4):597–603

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Qian B, Xiong L, Guo K, Wang R, Yang J, Wang Z, Tong J, Sun J (2020) Comprehensive management of breast augmentation with polyacrylamide hydrogel injection based on 15 years of experience: a report on 325 cases. Ann Transl Med 8(7):475

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Bielli A, Scioli MG, Gentile P, Cervelli V, Orlandi A (2015) Adipose tissue-derived stem cell therapy for post-surgical breast reconstruction-more light than shadows. Adv Clin Exp Med 24(3):545–548

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Shamoun F, Asaad M, Hanson SE (2021) Oncologic safety of autologous fat grafting in breast reconstruction. Clin Breast Cancer 21(4):271–277

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Kosowski TR, Rigotti G, Khouri RK (2015) Tissue-engineered autologous breast regeneration with brava®-assisted fat grafting. Clin Plast Surg 42(3):325–37, viii

  43. Gampper TJ, Khoury H, Gottlieb W, Morgan RF (2007) Silicone gel implants in breast augmentation and reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 59(5):581–590

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Asplund O (1984) Capsular contracture in silicone gel and saline-filled breast implants after reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 73(2):270–275

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Vandeweyer E, Hertens D, Nogaret JM, Deraemaecker R (2001) Immediate breast reconstruction with saline-filled implants: no interference with the oncologic outcome? Plast Reconstr Surg 107(6):1409–1412

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Piza-Katzer H, Pülzl P, Balogh B, Wechselberger G (2002) Long-term results of MISTI gold breast implants: a retrospective study, Plast Reconstr Surg 110(6):1455–9; discussion 1460–2

  47. Garcia-Tutor E, Alonso-Burgos A, Marre D, Adrian CA (2011) Radiotransparency of polyvinylpyrrolidone-hydrogel and hydrogel breast implants: a quantitative analysis with mastectomy specimens. Aesthetic Plast Surg 35(2):203–210

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Kirkpatrick WN, Jones BM (2002) The history of trilucent implants, and a chemical analysis of the triglyceride filler in 51 consecutively removed trilucent breast prostheses. Br J Plast Surg 55(6):479–489

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Inglefield C (2011) Early clinical experience of hyaluronic acid gel for breast enhancement. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 64(6):722–729

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Zou H, Mo R, Wang S, Yan X, Lin Y, Tan Q (2023) Analysis of breast follow-up results in patients after polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) or silicone prosthesis removal. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 77:219–227

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Coleman SR (2006) Structural fat grafting: more than a permanent filler. Plast Reconstr Surg 118(3 Suppl):108s–120s

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Qin Z, Yu Z, Song B (2022) Efficacy and safety of External Volume Expansion (EVE) on fat grafting: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 75(3):1073–1082

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Herly M, Ørholt M, Larsen A, Pipper CB, Bredgaard R, Gramkow CS, Katz AJ, Drzewiecki KT, Vester-Glowinski PV (2018) Efficacy of breast reconstruction with fat grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 71(12):1740–1750

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Major GS, Simcock JW, Woodfield TBF, Lim KS (2022) Overcoming functional challenges in autologous and engineered fat grafting trends. Trends Biotechnol 40(1):77–92

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Jin S, Li F (2019) Fate of free fat grafts with or without adipogenic adjuncts to enhance graft outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg 144(3):511e–512e

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Cai J, Feng J, Liu K, Zhou S, Lu F (2018) Early macrophage infiltration improves fat graft survival by inducing angiogenesis and hematopoietic stem cell recruitment. Plast Reconstr Surg 141(2):376–386

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Cronin TD, Greenberg RL (1970) Our experiences with the silastic gel breast prosthesis. Plast Reconstr Surg 46(1):1–7

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Guidoin R, Rolland C, Fleury D, Charara J, Marceau D, Bronskill M, Cardou A, King M, Lessard R (1994) Physical characterization of unimplanted gel filled breast implants. Should old standards be revisited? Asaio J 40(4):943–58

  59. Benediktsson K, Perbeck L (2006) Capsular contracture around saline-filled and textured subcutaneously-placed implants in irradiated and non-irradiated breast cancer patients: five years of monitoring of a prospective trial. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 59(1):27–34

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Ersek RA, Salisbury AV (1997) Textured surface, nonsilicone gel breast implants: four years’ clinical outcome. Plast Reconstr Surg 100(7):1729–1739

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Papanastasiou S, Odili J, Newman P, Evans J (2000) Are triglyceride breast implants really biocompatible? Ann Plast Surg 45(2):172–3; discussion 174–6

  62. Rohrich RJ, Beran SJ, Ingram Jr. AE, Young VL (1996) Development of alternative breast implant filler material: criteria and horizons. Plast Reconstr Surg 98(3):552–60; discussion 561–2

  63. Münker R, Zörner C, McKiernan D, Opitz J (2001) Prospective study of clinical findings and changes in 56 trilucent implant explantations. Aesthetic Plast Surg 25(6):421–426

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Hedén P, Sellman G, von Wachenfeldt M, Olenius M, Fagrell D (2020) Body shaping and volume restoration: the role of hyaluronic acid. Aesthetic Plast Surg 44(4):1286–1294

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Lin K, Bartlett SP, Matsuo K, LiVolsi VA, Parry C, Hass B, Whitaker LA (1994) Hyaluronic acid-filled mammary implants: an experimental study. Plast Reconstr Surg 94(2):306–15; discussion 316–7

  66. Hummelink S, Verhulst AC, Maal TJJ, Ulrich DJO (2018) Applications and limitations of using patient-specific 3D printed molds in autologous breast reconstruction. Eur J Plast Surg 41(5):571–576

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Luo Y, Wei X, Wan Y, Lin X, Wang Z, Huang P (2019) 3D printing of hydrogel scaffolds for future application in photothermal therapy of breast cancer and tissue repair. Acta Biomater 92:37–47

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Zhou M, Hou J, Zhang G, Luo C, Zeng Y, Mou S, Xiao P, Zhong A, Yuan Q, Yang J, Wang Z, Sun J (2019) Tuning the mechanics of 3D-printed scaffolds by crystal lattice-like structural design for breast tissue engineering. Biofabrication 12(1):015023

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Ni R, Luo C, Ci H, Sun D, An R, Wang Z, Yang J, Li Y, Sun J (2023) Construction of vascularized tissue-engineered breast with dual angiogenic and adipogenic micro-tissues. Mater Today Bio 18:100539

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Zhao P, Wang B, Wang L, Fu Z, Hu J, Liu Y, Wang J, He Y (2023) Rapid printing of 3D porous scaffolds for breast reconstruction. Bio-Des Manuf 6(6):691–703

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Nimboriboonporn A, Chuthapisith S (2014) Nipple-areola complex reconstruction. Gland Surg 3(1):35–42

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  72. Dong X, Premaratne ID, Sariibrahimoglu K, Limem S, Scott J, Gadjiko M, Berri N, Ginter P, Spector JA (2022) 3D-printed poly-4-hydroxybutyrate bioabsorbable scaffolds for nipple reconstruction. Acta Biomater 143:333–343

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Dong X, Shih S, Premaratne ID, Sariibrahimoglu K, Ginter P, Scott J, Limem S, Spector JA (2023) Long-term maintenance of projection of nipples reconstructed using three-dimensionally printed Poly-4-hydroxybutyrate bioabsorbable scaffolds. Plast Reconstr Surg 152(4):646e–654e

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Van Belleghem S, Mahadik B, Snodderly K, Mote Z, Jiang B, Yu JR, McLoughlin S, He X, Nam AJ, Fisher JP (2021) Dual extrusion patterning drives tissue development aesthetics and shape retention in 3D printed nipple-areola constructs. Adv Healthc Mater 10(23):e2101249

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  75. Tervaert JWC, Mohazab N, Redmond D, van Eeden C, Osman M (2022) Breast implant illness: scientific evidence of its existence. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 18(1):15–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Georgieva M, Kammerer S, Prantl L, Jung F, Stroszczynski C, Jung EM (2020) Imaging of breast implant and implant-associated complications: capsular contracture and intra- or extracapsular rupture. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 76(2):221–231

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Chopra K, Buckingham B, Matthews J, Sabino J, Tadisina KK, Silverman RP, Goldberg NH, Slezak S, Singh DP (2017) Acellular dermal matrix reduces capsule formation in two-stage breast reconstruction. Int Wound J 14(2):414–419

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Whaley RD, Aldrees R, Dougherty RE, Granada CP, Badve SS, Al Diffalha S (2022) Breast Implant Capsule-Associated Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Report of 2 Patients. Int J Surg Pathol 30(8):900–907

  79. Hong KY, Kim IK, Sakong Y, Park BY, Jin US (2023) Effects of an antiadhesive agent on capsule formation in implant-based breast reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial. Plast Reconstr Surg 151(4):717–726

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Wright MA, Miller AJ, Dong X, Karinja SJ, Samadi A, Lara DO, Mukherjee S, Veiseh O, Spector JA (2023) Reducing peri-implant capsule thickness in submuscular rodent model of breast reconstruction with delayed radiotherapy. J Surg Res 291:158–166

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Behranwala KA, Dua RS, Ross GM, Ward A, A’Hern R, Gui GP (2006) The influence of radiotherapy on capsule formation and aesthetic outcome after immediate breast reconstruction using biodimensional anatomical expander implants. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 59(10):1043–1051

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Persichetti P, Segreto F, Pendolino AL, Del Buono R, Marangi GF (2014) Breast implant capsule flaps and grafts: a review of the literature. Aesthetic Plast Surg 38(3):540–548

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Handel N, Garcia ME, Wixtrom R (2013) Breast implant rupture: causes, incidence, clinical impact, and management. Plast Reconstr Surg 132(5):1128–1137

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Badri D, Copertino N (2023) Breast implant capsule-associated squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and case presentation. Aesthetic Plast Surg

  85. de Faria Castro Fleury E, D'Alessandro GS, Wludarski SCL (2018) Silicone-Induced Granuloma of Breast Implant Capsule (SIGBIC): histopathology and radiological correlation. J Immunol Res 2018:6784971

  86. Baker JE, Seitz AP, Boudreau RM, Skinner MJ, Beydoun A, Kaval N, Caldwell CC, Gulbins E, Edwards MJ, Gobble RM (2020) Doxycycline-coated silicone breast implants reduce acute surgical-site infection and inflammation. Plast Reconstr Surg 146(5):1029–1041

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. van Heerden J, Turner M, Hoffmann D, Moolman J (2009) Antimicrobial coating agents: can biofilm formation on a breast implant be prevented? J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 62(5):610–617

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Thanks for the hard work and cooperation by all authors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, China

    Xiong Lv, Chun Xiang, Yan Zheng, Shu-Feng Xu, Wan-Xuan Zhou & Xu-Ling Lv

Authors
  1. Xiong Lv
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chun Xiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yan Zheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shu-Feng Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Wan-Xuan Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Xu-Ling Lv
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Conceptualization and Writing—original draft, X.L; Writing—review & editing, X.L and C.X., Y.Z., S.F.X. and W.X.Z; Collection, X.L.L; Supervision, X.L. Apply Funding, S.F.X. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiong Lv.

Ethics declarations

Funding

This work was supported by grants from Quzhou Science and Technology Plan Project (NO. ZD202209).

Conflict of interest

Xiong Lv, Chun Xiang, Yan Zheng, Shu-Feng Xu, Wan-Xuan Zhou and Xu-Ling Lv declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies involving human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lv, X., Xiang, C., Zheng, Y. et al. A review: recent advances in the application of 3D printing biomaterials in breast reconstruction research. Eur J Plast Surg 47, 38 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00238-024-02171-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00238-024-02171-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation