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The corrugator supercilii for craniofacial reconstruction: a systematic review

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Abstract

Background

The corrugator supercilii is a frequently overlooked muscle for craniofacial reconstruction. This PRISMA-compliant systematic review aims to delineate the form and location of the corrugator supercilii and its relationship with the skull.

Methods

PubMed, Google Scholar, Google Books, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), DBpia, NDL (National Diet Library), and JSTOR (Journal Storage) were searched for English, Chinese, Korean, and Japanese literature for this study. Search terms used included “corrugator supercilii,” “mm,” “cm,” “mm3,” “cm3,” “length,” “width,” “thickness,” “angle,” “distance,” and “volume” in order to find quantitative data.

Results

The corrugator supercilii has only been described in thirty studies (458 corrugator supercilii muscles). The parameters were organized according to length, width, thickness, distance to skin surface, distance between the corrugator supercilii muscles, angle, and volume.

Conclusions

The form of this muscle is still unclear. However, this information may increase practitioner confidence when this muscle is reproduced for forensic facial reconstruction. This is in comparison to those with a lot of confidence who currently use no data at all.

Level of evidence: Not ratable.

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Acknowledgements

The author acknowledges the reviewers for their helpful comments.

Funding

The author did not receive funding for this research.

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  1. North Augusta, SC, USA

    Mark Watke

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  1. Mark Watke
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Contributions

Mark Watke wrote the paper, came up with the idea for the paper, tabulated the data, conducted the literature review, emailed past researchers about unpublished data, submitted the article to the journal, revised the paper, and edited the paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mark Watke.

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Ethical approval

No ethical approval was required for this literature review.

Consent to participate

Informed consent was not necessary for this study.

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The author did not use research participants.

Conflict of interest

Mark Watke declares no conflict of interest.

Disclaimer

The author is not on an editorial board. The author is not on an advisory board. The author does not write or consult for educational purposes. The author has not currently been an expert witness. The author has no mentoring relations. The author believes that it is reasonable that some awareness of the recorded anatomical dimensions of this muscle could be useful (maybe). The idea being that data gathered on the muscle may repeat in the future in a similar form seems reasonable (or that the dimensional values of the muscle may be seen again in a different place).

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Watke, M. The corrugator supercilii for craniofacial reconstruction: a systematic review. Eur J Plast Surg 46, 327–333 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00238-022-02023-3

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