Abstract
Background
Veritas® collagen matrix is derived from bovine pericardium and is currently used in soft tissue and breast reconstruction. This study reports the experience of implant-based breast reconstruction using Veritas® collagen matrix in a specialist breast unit.
Methods
This case series included all consecutive patients undergoing mastectomy and implant-based reconstruction using Veritas® over an 18-month period. Demographics, risk factors, operative parameters and postoperative outcomes were recorded prospectively.
Results
Nineteen patients underwent a total of 30 breast reconstruction procedures over the study period. Of these, 57.9% (N = 11) had bilateral procedures. Breast cancer was the commonest indication. Forty percent (N = 12) had concomitant axillary surgery. Forty percent (N = 12) had two-stage reconstruction. Prophylactic antibiotics and drains were used in all cases. Median mastectomy weight was 308 g (interquartile range (IQR) 205–363 g). Median implant volume was 350 ml (IQR 275–400 ml). Twenty percent (N = 6) had minor complications within 3 months. Forty-two percent (N = 8) of patients had complete resorption of Veritas® (50%, N = 15 reconstructions) with “bottoming out” of implants requiring revision surgery. Ten percent (N = 3) developed capsular contracture following radiotherapy and 3.3% (N = 1) had implant loss due to pain following postoperative infection. Product outcomes were reported to the manufacturers.
Conclusions
Veritas® collagen matrix has a comparable immediate postoperative complication rate when compared to other acellular dermal matrix. However, the long-term resorption rate in this series is high resulting in frequent correctional surgery.
Level of Evidence: Level III, risk/prognostic study.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Macadam SA, Lennox PA (2012) Acellular dermal matrices: use in reconstructive and aesthetic breast surgery. Can J Plast Surg 20(2):75–89
Badylak SF, Freytes DO, Gilbert TW (2009) Extracellular matrix as a biological scaffold material: structure and function. Acta Biomater 5(1):1–13
Reing JE, Zhang L, Myers-Irvin J, Cordero KE, Freytes DO, Heber-Katz E, Bedelbaeva K, McIntosh D, Dewilde A, Braunhut SJ, Badylak SF (2009) Degradation products of extracellular matrix affect cell migration and proliferation. Tissue Eng Part A 15(3):605–614
Mennie JC, Mohanna PN, O'Donoghue JM, Rainsbury R, Cromwell DA (2017) National trends in immediate and delayed post-mastectomy reconstruction procedures in England: a seven-year population-based cohort study. Eur J Surg Oncol 43(1):52–61
(ASPS), A. S. o. P. S (2016) Plastic surgery statistics report. In A. N. C. o. P. S. P. Statistics ed. USA: American Society of Plastic Surgeons, 2016
Limpert JN, Desai AR, Kumpf AL, Fallucco MA, Aridge DL (2009) Repair of abdominal wall defects with bovine pericardium. Am J Surg 198(5):e60–e65
Deeken CR, Melman L, Jenkins ED, Greco SC, Frisella MM, Matthews BD (2011) Histologic and biomechanical evaluation of crosslinked and non-crosslinked biologic meshes in a porcine model of ventral incisional hernia repair. J Am Coll Surg 212(5):880–888
Sclafani AP, Romo T 3rd, Jacono AA, McCormick S, Cocker R, Parker A (2000) Evaluation of acellular dermal graft in sheet (AlloDerm) and injectable (micronized AlloDerm) forms for soft tissue augmentation. Clinical observations and histological analysis. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2(2):130–136
Wainwright DJ (1995) Use of an acellular allograft dermal matrix (AlloDerm) in the management of full-thickness burns. Burns 21(4):243–248
Baxter RA (2003) Intracapsular allogenic dermal grafts for breast implant-related problems. Plast Reconstr Surg 112(6):1692–1696; discussion 1697-1698
Duncan DI (2001) Correction of implant rippling using allograft dermis. Aesthet Surg J 21(1):81–84
Breuing KH, Warren SM (2005) Immediate bilateral breast reconstruction with implants and inferolateral AlloDerm slings. Ann Plast Surg 55(3):232–239
Bindingnavele V, Gaon M, Ota KS, Kulber DA, Lee DJ (2007) Use of acellular cadaveric dermis and tissue expansion in postmastectomy breast reconstruction. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 60(11):1214–1218
Potter S, Chambers A, Govindajulu S, Sahu A, Warr R, Cawthorn S (2015) Early complications and implant loss in implant-based breast reconstruction with and without acellular dermal matrix (Tecnoss Protexa(R)): a comparative study. Eur J Surg Oncol 41(1):113–119
Salzberg CA, Dunavant C, Nocera N (2013) Immediate breast reconstruction using porcine acellular dermal matrix (Strattice): long-term outcomes and complications. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 66(3):323–328
Salzberg CA (2012) Focus on technique: one-stage implant-based breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 130(5 Suppl 2):95S–103S
Sbitany H, Serletti JM (2011) Acellular dermis-assisted prosthetic breast reconstruction: a systematic and critical review of efficacy and associated morbidity. Plast Reconstr Surg 128(6):1162–1169
Sbitany H, Sandeen SN, Amalfi AN, Davenport MS, Langstein HN (2009) Acellular dermis-assisted prosthetic breast reconstruction versus complete submuscular coverage: a head-to-head comparison of outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg 124(6):1735–1740
Losken A (2009) Early results using sterilized acellular human dermis (Neoform) in post-mastectomy tissue expander breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 123(6):1654–1658
Spear SL, Parikh PM, Reisin E, Menon NG (2008) Acellular dermis-assisted breast reconstruction. Aesthetic Plast Surg 32(3):418–425
Preminger BA, McCarthy CM, Hu QY, Mehrara BJ, Disa JJ (2008) The influence of AlloDerm on expander dynamics and complications in the setting of immediate tissue expander/implant reconstruction: a matched-cohort study. Ann Plast Surg 60(5):510–513
Vu MM, Kim JY (2015) Current opinions on indications and algorithms for acellular dermal matrix use in primary prosthetic breast reconstruction. Gland Surg 4(3):195–203
Banyard DA, Bourgeois JM, Widgerow AD, Evans GR (2015) Regenerative biomaterials: a review. Plast Reconstr Surg 135(6):1740–1748
Dikmans RE, El Morabit F, Ottenhof MJ et al (2016) Single-stage breast reconstruction using Strattice: a retrospective study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 69(2):227–233
Potter S, Browning D, Savovic J, Holcombe C, Blazeby JM (2015) Systematic review and critical appraisal of the impact of acellular dermal matrix use on the outcomes of implant-based breast reconstruction. Br J Surg 102(9):1010–1025
McCarthy CM, Lee CN, Halvorson EG, Riedel E, Pusic AL, Mehrara BJ, Disa JJ (2012) The use of acellular dermal matrices in two-stage expander/implant reconstruction: a multicenter, blinded, randomized controlled trial. Plast Reconstr Surg 130(5 Suppl 2):57S–66S
Vardanian AJ, Clayton JL, Roostaeian J et al (2011) Comparison of implant-based immediate breast reconstruction with and without acellular dermal matrix. Plast Reconstr Surg 128:403e–410e
Hoppe IC, Yueh JH, Wei CH, Ahuja NK, Patel PP, Datiashvili RO (2011) Complications following expander/implant breast reconstruction utilizing acellular dermal matrix: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eplasty 11:e40
Lanier ST, Wang ED, Chen JJ, Arora BP, Katz SM, Gelfand MA, Khan SU, Dagum AB, Bui DT (2010) The effect of acellular dermal matrix use on complication rates in tissue expander/implant breast reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 64(5):674–678
Davila AA, Seth AK, Wang E, Hanwright P, Bilimoria K, Fine N, Kim JYS (2013) Human acellular dermis versus submuscular tissue expander breast reconstruction: a multivariate analysis of short-term complications. Arch Plast Surg 40(1):19–27
Chun YS, Verma K, Rosen H, Lipsitz S, Morris D, Kenney P, Eriksson E (2010) Implant-based breast reconstruction using acellular dermal matrix and the risk of postoperative complications. Plast Reconstr Surg 125(2):429–436
Kim JY, Davila AA, Persing S et al (2012) A meta-analysis of human acellular dermis and submuscular tissue expander breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 129(1):28–41
Barber MD, Williams L, Anderson ED et al (2015) Outcome of the use of acellular-dermal matrix to assist implant-based breast reconstruction in a single centre. Eur J Surg Oncol 41(1):100–105
Jordan SW, Khavanin N, Fine NA, Kim JY (2014) An algorithmic approach for selective acellular dermal matrix use in immediate two-stage breast reconstruction: indications and outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg 134(2):178–188
Alderman A, Gutowski K, Ahuja A, Gray D (2014) ASPS clinical practice guideline summary on breast reconstruction with expanders and implants. Plast Reconstr Surg 134:648e–655e
Martin L, O'Donoghue JM, Horgan K, Thrush S, Johnson R, Gandhi A (2013) Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) assisted breast reconstruction procedures: joint guidelines from the Association of Breast Surgery and the British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Eur J Surg Oncol 39(5):425–429
Hille-Betz U, Kniebusch N, Wojcinski S, Henseler H, Heyl V, Ohlinger R, Paepke S, Klapdor R, Krause-Bergmann B (2015) Breast reconstruction and revision surgery for implant-associated breast deformities using porcine acellular dermal matrix: a multicenter study of 156 cases. Ann Surg Oncol 22(4):1146–1152
Spear SL, Sher SR, Al-Attar A, Pittman T (2014) Applications of acellular dermal matrix in revision breast reconstruction surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 133(1):1–10
Maxwell GP, Gabriel A (2014) Non-cross-linked porcine acellular dermal matrix in revision breast surgery: long-term outcomes and safety with neopectoral pockets. Aesthet Surg J 34(4):551–559
Ortiz JA (2014) Poland’s breast reconstruction with decellularized human dermal allograft. Mil Med 179(2):e249–e252
Spear SL, Sinkin JC, Al-Attar A (2013) Porcine acellular dermal matrix (strattice) in primary and revision cosmetic breast surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 131(5):1140–1148
Mofid MM (2011) Acellular dermal matrix in cosmetic breast procedures and capsular contracture. Aesthet Surg J 31(7 Supplement):77S–84S
Shestak KC (2011) Acellular dermal matrix inlays to correct significant implant malposition in patients with compromised local tissues. Aesthet Surg J 31(7 Supplement):85S–94S
Huston TL, Taback B, Rohde CH (2011) Chest wall reconstruction with porcine acellular dermal matrix (strattice) and a latissimus myocutaneous flap. Am Surg 77(6):e115–e116
Craft RO, May JW Jr (2011) Staged nipple reconstruction with vascularized SurgiMend acellular dermal matrix. Plast Reconstr Surg 127:148e–149e
Grabov-Nardini G, Haik J, Regev E, Winkler E (2009) AlloDerm sling for correction of Synmastia after immediate, tissue expander, Breast Reconstruction in Thin Women. Eplasty 9:e54
Sandor M, Xu H, Connor J, Lombardi J, Harper JR, Silverman RP, McQuillan DJ (2008) Host response to implanted porcine-derived biologic materials in a primate model of abdominal wall repair. Tissue Eng Part A 14(12):2021–2031
Xu H, Wan H, Sandor M, Qi S, Ervin F, Harper JR, Silverman RP, McQuillan DJ (2008) Host response to human acellular dermal matrix transplantation in a primate model of abdominal wall repair. Tissue Eng Part A 14(12):2009–2019
Sun WQ, Xu H, Sandor M, Lombardi J (2013) Process-induced extracellular matrix alterations affect the mechanisms of soft tissue repair and regeneration. J Tissue Eng 4:2041731413505305
Annor AH, Tang ME, Pui CL, Ebersole GC, Frisella MM, Matthews BD, Deeken CR (2012) Effect of enzymatic degradation on the mechanical properties of biological scaffold materials. Surg Endosc 26(10):2767–2778
Pui CL, Tang ME, Annor AH, Ebersole GC, Frisella MM, Matthews BD, Deeken CR (2012) Effect of repetitive loading on the mechanical properties of biological scaffold materials. J Am Coll Surg 215(2):216–228
Mofid MM, Meininger MS, Lacey MS (2012) Veritas(R) bovine pericardium for immediate breast reconstruction: a xenograft alternative to acellular dermal matrix products. Eur J Plast Surg 35(10):717–722
Borgognone A, Anniboletti T, De Vita F (2011) Does Veritas(R) play a role in breast reconstruction? A case report. Breast Cancer 3:175–177
Potter S, Conroy EJ, Williamson PR et al (2016) The iBRA (implant breast reconstruction evaluation) study: protocol for a prospective multi-centre cohort study to inform the feasibility, design and conduct of a pragmatic randomised clinical trial comparing new techniques of implant-based breast reconstruction. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2:41
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Fayyaz A. K. Mazari, Kristjan S. Asgeirsson, Lisa Whisker, Eleanor Gutteridge, Tuabin Rasheed, and R. Douglas Macmillan declare no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
The study was approved by the hospital medical devices review board. Ethical approval was not required as Veritas® was already approved for use in the UK and was being used in other oncoplastic units around the country.
Informed consent
Informed consent for use of Veritas® was obtained from all patients included in the study.
Funding
This project was internally funded by Nottingham Breast Institute. No external funding was received for this project. Veritas® used in this study was provided to the unit at a reduced cost by the manufacturers and the first four units were provided free of charge. The manufacturers did not have any other input in the conduct of the study or writing of this paper.
Patient consent
Patients provided written consent for the use of their images.
Additional information
Presentation
Presented as poster presentation at Oncoplastic Reconstructive Breast Surgery (ORBS) International Meeting September 2017 at Nottingham, UK.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mazari, F.A.K., Asgeirsson, K.S., Whisker, L. et al. Complete resorption of Veritas® in acellular dermal matrix (ADM)-assisted implant-based breast reconstructions—is there a need for tighter regulation of new products developed for use in breast reconstruction?. Eur J Plast Surg 41, 421–428 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00238-017-1389-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00238-017-1389-5