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Apocynin and dimethyl sulfoxide synergistically protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat hind limb ischemia-reperfusion model

  • Experimental Study
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A Correction to this article was published on 09 November 2017

This article has been updated

Abstract

Background

Acute ischemia and reperfusion in extremities ignite a complicated inflammatory cycle and lead to damage in the extremities and target tissues.

Methods

Rats were randomly divided into four groups. Each experimental group contained eight rats. Group 1 was the sham surgery group. Group 2 was the control I/R group with intraperitoneal serum physiologic (SP) treatment. Group 3 was the I/R group with vehicle treatment (8% DMSO). Group 4 was the I/R group with 20 mg/kg apocynin (vehicle 8% DMSO). The potential protective effects of apocynin and vehicle (DMSO) in the rat hind limb ischemia-reperfusion model were evaluated by measuring the levels of plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in muscle tissue.

Results

The results revealed that both apocynin and vehicle (DMSO) alone increased the antioxidative capacity of ischemic tissue and reduced the levels of plasma proinflammatory cytokines compared to control I/R group. There was a statically more significant effect in the apocynin (vehicle 8% DMSO)-treated group 4.

Conclusions

We observed that apocynin and DMSO synergistically prevent the I/R injury in rat hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury model and meaningfully decrease the inflammatory parameters.

Level of Evidence: Not ratable.

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Change history

  • 09 November 2017

    Dr. Ozer Sehirli’s affiliation needs to be updated as he was transferred from Marmara University Faculty of Pharmacy to Near East University Faculty of Dentistry two years ago. The updated information is provided in the affiliation section below.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Sanliurfa Mehmet Akif Inan Training and Research Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey

    Alpay Duran

  2. Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

    Sinem Ciloglu, Ahmet Yigit & Hasan Buyukdogan

  3. Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ozer Sehirli, Kubra Elcioğlu & Levent Kabasakal

  4. Department of Dermatology, Sanliurfa Balikligol State Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey

    Aslı Duran

Authors
  1. Alpay Duran
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  2. Sinem Ciloglu
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  3. Ozer Sehirli
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  4. Ahmet Yigit
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  8. Levent Kabasakal
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alpay Duran.

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Ethical standards

This study was approved by the ethical review board of Marmara University. All applicable international, national, and institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

Conflict of interest

Alpay Duran, Sinem Ciloglu, Ozer Sehirli, Ahmet Yigit, Hasan Buyukdogan, Aslı Duran, Kubra Elcioğlu, Levent Kabasakal declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Additional information

A correction to this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00238-017-1372-1.

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Duran, A., Ciloglu, S., Sehirli, O. et al. Apocynin and dimethyl sulfoxide synergistically protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat hind limb ischemia-reperfusion model. Eur J Plast Surg 40, 507–512 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00238-017-1309-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00238-017-1309-8

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