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Craniometric analysis of the nasal skeleton and midface in Caucasian population

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Abstract

Background

Our goal was to obtain nasal bone and nasal pyramid morphometric measurements in Caucasian skulls and analyze variation in different age groups and gender.

Methods

Ninety caucasian skulls were grouped according to three age groups: group I (20–40), II (41–64), and III (>65). The basion (B)-nasion (N), B-anterior nasal spine (ANS), B-supradentale (SD), N-ANS, ANS-SD, and length and width of each nasal bone, height, width, and angle of the pyriform aperture were measured. Comparisons were done between age groups, males and females, between left/right sides.

Results

The distance between B-N, B-ANS, and B-SD was greater when group I was compared with group II and III in both genders with the exception that the B-N distance in male population was slightly (0.2 mm) longer in group I. There was a statistically significant directly proportional relationship between B-N and B-ANS (p < 0.001, rho 0.54), B-N and B-SD (p = 0.001, rho 0.34), and B-ANS and B-SD (p < 0.001, rho 0.90) distances in all skulls independent of age and gender. The mean nasal bone lengths were; nasal bone length at midline (F: 20.07/19.67/21.20 mm, M:23.07/22.33/23.13 mm in groups I/II/III, respectively), at lateral suture lines (F:23.9/24.93/24.33 mm, M: 27.03/26.95/27.93 mm in groups I/II/III, respectively).

Conclusion

This study not only supports the existing literature that the midface and the nasal skeleton show variation with age and gender but also adds valuable information about the nasal bone and related parameters. Nasal and midfacial surgeries should be done with particular attention to different morphology in different age and gender groups in order to provide the patient with an improved physiologic and normal result.

Level of Evidence: not ratable.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Lyman L Jellema from Cleveland Natural History Museum for his contribution to this publication. We would also like to thank Matthew Karafa, PhD for his help in statistical analysis and Amanda Mendelsohn for her help in illustrations.

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Correspondence to Can Ozturk.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Can Ozturk, Cemile Nurdan Ozturk, Safak Uygur, Thomas Barrett Sullivan, Mehmet Bozkurt, Franziska Huettner, Risal Djohan, Francis A. Papay declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Ozturk, C., Ozturk, C.N., Uygur, S. et al. Craniometric analysis of the nasal skeleton and midface in Caucasian population. Eur J Plast Surg 40, 499–506 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00238-017-1303-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00238-017-1303-1

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