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Sex-dependent changes in emotional memory associated with cerebral blood flow alterations during Alzheimer’s disease progression

  • Functional Neuroradiology
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Abstract

Purpose

Sex differences in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression provide clues to pathogenesis and better patient management. We examined sex differences in emotional memory among AD patients, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients, and healthy controls (HCs) as well as potential associations with altered regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF).

Methods

The recognition memory task with emotional pictures was applied to evaluate enhancement of emotional memory (EEM) and 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling MRI was performed to measure the rCBF in 74 AD patients (41 females), 74 aMCI patients (45 females), and 74 HCs (43 females). Group differences in EEM were tested by two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with repeated measures. The main effects of clinical group and sex as well as group × sex interactions on rCBF were assessed by two-way ANCOVA. Correlation analyses were conducted to investigate associations between EEM and rCBF.

Results

With disease progression, EEM gradually disappeared. Among aMCI patients, females exhibited a greater index of recollection (Pr) for positive/high-arousal and negative/low-arousal pictures versus neutral pictures (P = 0.005, P = 0.003), while males exhibited a greater Pr for negative/high-arousal versus neutral pictures (P = 0.001). There were significant sex × group effects on rCBF in left inferior parietal, supramarginal, superior temporal and middle temporal gyri, and rCBF of left inferior parietal gyrus was correlated with Pr for positive/high-arousal pictures among female aMCI patients (r = 0.584, q = 0.005).

Conclusion

Males and females exhibit distinct changes in EEM associated with altered rCBF, which should be considered in future neuroimaging studies.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the patients and their families for the time and effort they dedicated to the research.

Funding

The study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Fund number: 81901726, 81771817, 82071905).

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  1. Ziwen Gao, Shanshan Zhou, and Wanqiu Zhu contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China

    Ziwen Gao, Wanqiu Zhu, Hui Li, Ziang Huang, Xiaoshu Li & Yongqiang Yu

  2. Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China

    Shanshan Zhou & Yang Ji

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Contributions

Yongqiang Yu and Xiaoshu Li conceptualized and designed the study. Ziwen Gao, Shanshan Zhou, and Wanqiu Zhu were responsible for conducting the analyses, preparing the first draft of the manuscript, and preparing the manuscript for submission. Hui Li, Ziang Huang, and Yang Ji were responsible for data collection and initial data preprocessing. All authors contributed to and approved the final manuscript. All authors declared that the work has not been published before nor is being considered for publication in another journal.

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Correspondence to Xiaoshu Li or Yongqiang Yu.

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This study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China, according to the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was provided by all subjects.

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Gao, Z., Zhou, S., Zhu, W. et al. Sex-dependent changes in emotional memory associated with cerebral blood flow alterations during Alzheimer’s disease progression. Neuroradiology 65, 751–763 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-022-03099-1

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