Abstract
Half of patients with the Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) have normal intellectual development. We aimed to identify feature on MRI associated with good intellectual prognosis. We reviewed 20 patients with DWM diagnosed on MRI, mean age 14.6±9.9 years. We assessed their intellectual development and related it to the MRI features. We found two groups with a statistically different intellectual outcome. All 14 patients with normal intellectual development had a normal lobulation of the vermis, without supratentorial anomalies. Of the six patients with mental retardation, three had an abnormal vermis, together with dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. In the other three, there were normal vermian anatomy with associated anomalies. Normal lobulation of the vermis, in the absence of any supratentorial anomaly, appears to be a good prognostic factor in DWM. Preservation of cerebrocerebellar pathways and neonatal plasticity could explain the normal intellectual development. These findings might be useful in prenatal diagnosis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dandy WE, Blackfan KD (1914) Internal hydrocephalus, an experimental, clinical and pathological study. Am J Dis Child 8: 406–482
Taggart JK, Walker AE (1942) Congenital atresia of the foramens of Luschka and Magendie. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 48: 583–612
Hart MN, Malamud N, Ellis WG (1972) The Dandy-Walker syndrome. A clinicopathological study based on 28 cases. Neurology 22: 771–780
Barkovich AJ (1999) Pediatric neuroimaging, 3rd edn. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 337–345
Altman NR, Naidich TP, Braffman BH (1992) Posterior fossa malformations. AJNR 13: 691–724
Barkovich AJ, Kjos BO, Norman D, Edwards MS (1989) Revised classification of posterior fossa cysts and cystlike malformations based on the results of multiplanar MR imaging. Am J Roentgenol 153: 1289–1300
Friden IJ, Reese V, Cohen D (1996) Phace syndrome. Arch Dermatol 132: 307–311
Hirsch JF, Pierre-Kahn A, Renier D, Sainte-Rose C, Hoppe-Hirsch E (1984) The Dandy-Walker malformation. A review of 40 cases. J Neurosurg 61: 515–522
Bindal AK, Storrs BB, McLone DG (1990) Management of the Dandy-Walker syndrome. Pediatr Neurosurg 16: 163–169
Maria BL, Zinreich SJ, Carson BC, Rosenbaum AE, Freeman JM (1987) Dandy-Walker syndrome revisited. Pediatr Neurosci 13: 45–51
Golden JA, Rorke LB, Bruce DA (1987) Dandy-Walker syndrome and associated anomalies. Pediatr Neurosci 13: 38–44
Weschler D (1989) Weschler intelligence scale for children III, 3rd edn (WISC-III). Psychological Corporation, New York
Brunet O, Lézine I (1981) Echelle de développement psychomoteur de la première enfance. EPA, Paris
Ball WS Jr (1997) Pediatric neuroradiology. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp 116–119
Pascual-Castroviejo I, Velez A, Pascual-Pascual SI, Roche MC, Villarejo F(1991) Dandy-Walker malformation: analysis of 38 cases. Child's Nerv Syst 7: 88–97
Bourgeois M, Sainte-Rose C, Cinalli G, et al (1999) Epilepsy in children with shunted hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg 90: 274–281
Courchesne E, Yeung-Courchesne R, Egaas B (1994) Methodology in neuroanatomic measurement. Neurology 44: 203–208
Rivière D, Papadopoulos-Orfanos J, Régis J, Mangin JF (2000) A structural browser of brain anatomy. Human Brain Mapping, San Antonio
Schmahmann JD, Sherman JC (1998) The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. Brain 121: 561–579
Levisohn L, Cronin-Golomb A, Schmahmann JD (2000) Neuropsychological consequences of cerebellar tumour resection in children: cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome in a paediatric population. Brain 123: 1041–1050
Schmahmann JD (1996) From movement to thought: anatomic substrates of the cerebellar contribution to cognitive processing. Hum Brain Mapp 4: 174–198
Schmahmann JD, Pandya DN (1997) The cerebrocerebellar system. Int Rev Neurobiol 41: 31–60
Fox PT, Raichle ME, Thach WT (1985) Functional mapping of the human cerebellum with positron emission tomography. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 7462–7466
Leiner HC, Leiner AL, Dow RS (1993) Cognitive and language functions of the human cerebellum. Trends Neurosci 16: 444–447
Raichle ME, Fiez JA, Videen TO, et al (1994) Practice-related changes in human brain functional anatomy during nonmotor learning. Cereb Cortex 4: 8–26
Simpson JR, Ongur D, Akbudak E, et al (2000) The emotional modulation of cognitive processing: an fMRI study. J Cogn Neurosci 12 [Suppl 2]: 157–170
Fiez JA, Balota DA, Raichle ME, Petersen SE (1999) Effects of lexicality, frequency, and spelling-to-sound consistency on the functional anatomy of Reading. Neuron 24: 205–218
Fulbright RK, Jenner AR, Mencl WE, et al (1999) The cerebellum's role in reading: a functional MR imaging study. AJNR 20: 1925–1930
Allen G, Buxton RB, Wong EC, Courchesne E (1997) Attentional activation of the cerebellum independent of motor involvement. Science 275: 1940–1943
Parvizi J, Anderson SW, Martin CO, Damasio H, Damasio AR (2001) Pathological laughter and crying: a link to the cerebellum. Brain 124: 1708–1719
Schaefer GB, Thompson JN, Bodensteiner JB, et al (1996) Hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis in neurogenetic syndromes. Ann Neurol 39: 382–385
Courchesne E, Yeung-Courchesne R, Press GA, Hesselink JR, Jernigan TL (1988) Hypoplasia of cerebellar vermal lobules VI and VII in autism. N Engl J Med 318: 1349–1354
Murakami JW, Courchesne E, Haas RH, Press GA, Yeung-Courchesne R (1992) Cerebellar and cerebral abnormalities in Rett syndrome: a quantitative MR analysis. Am J Roentgenol 159: 177–183
Bachevalier J, Brickson M, Hagger C, Mishkin M (1990) Age and sex differences in the effects of selective temporal lobe lesion on the formation of visual discrimination habits in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Behav Neurosci 104: 885–899
Bower AJ (1990) Plasticity in the adult and neonatal central nervous system. Br J Neurosurg 4: 253–264
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Boddaert, N., Klein, O., Ferguson, N. et al. Intellectual prognosis of the Dandy-Walker malformation in children: the importance of vermian lobulation. Neuroradiology 45, 320–324 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-003-0980-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-003-0980-6