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Hybrid nanofluids for working fluid in a microchannel heat sink; hydrothermal analysis

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Abstract

Hybrid nanofluids with superior thermal characteristics can be a new choice of working fluid in enhancing the heat dissipation rate of microchannels heat sink. Therefore, this paper deals with the hydrothermal characteristics of a microchannel heat sink utilizing MWCNT-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluids. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of mono and hybrid nanofluids were measured and new experiential correlations were derived. The convective tests were carried out in three different composition ratios as well as two volume fractions of hybrid nanofluids at different Reynolds numbers. The results showed that MWCNT-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid at composition ratio of (80:20) and 0.05% vol. had the highest performance evaluation criteria value.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

\({c}_{p}\) :

Specific Heat Coefficient

\(d\) :

Diameter, m

\(D\) :

Hydraulic Diameter

DFE:

Degrees of Freedom Error

EM:

Electron Microscope

FESEM:

Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy

\(h\) :

Heat Transfer Coefficient

\(k\) :

Thermal conductivity,\(\frac{W}{mK}\)

\(Q\) :

Heat Dissipated

\(\dot{m}\) :

Flow Rate

MSE:

Mean Square Error

\(Re\) :

Reynolds Number

S:

Standard Deviation

SEM:

Scanning Electron Microscope

SSE:

Sum of the Squared Errors

\(T\) :

Temperature, K

\(T\) EM :

Transmission Electron Microscopy

V :

Flow Velocity

ρ:

Density, \(\frac{kg}{{m}^{3}}\)

\(\phi\) :

Volume fraction

μ :

Dynamic viscosity, cP

\(bf\) :

Base fluid

Eff:

Effective

\(hnf\) :

Hybrid nanofluid

in:

Inlet

m:

Mean

\(nf\) :

Nanofluid

out:

Outlet

\(p\) :

Paticle

S:

Surface

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Prof. Mohammad Behshad Shafii for providing us with KD2 Pro thermal analyzer from Sharif University of Technology – Tehran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Mahdi Heyhat, Paria Changizi, Soroush Azartakin & Mohammad Zabetian Targhi

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  1. Mohammad Mahdi Heyhat
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  2. Paria Changizi
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  3. Soroush Azartakin
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  4. Mohammad Zabetian Targhi
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Contributions

Data collection and analysis were performed by Paria Changizi and Soroush Azartakin. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Mohammad Mahdi Heyhat and Mohammad Zabetian Targhi commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mohammad Mahdi Heyhat.

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Heyhat, M.M., Changizi, P., Azartakin, S. et al. Hybrid nanofluids for working fluid in a microchannel heat sink; hydrothermal analysis. Heat Mass Transfer 60, 89–100 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-023-03423-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-023-03423-2

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