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Synthesis, characterization and application of SiO2 and CuO nanofluid in spray cooling of hot steel plate

Heat and Mass Transfer (2023)Cite this article

Abstract

The current work uses SiO2 and CuO mono, mixed nanofluid to improve very-high mass-flux spray cooling performance. At first, the modified sol–gel method based SiO2 and wet-chemical method based CuO nanoparticles are prepared. The prepared nanoparticles' density, crystalline/amorphous nature, functional groups, compositions, morphology, and particle size are characterized. The SiO2 and CuO nanofluid are prepared using one-step and two-step methods, respectively. The nanofluid thermophysical properties, particle size distribution, and stability are determined. The heat transfer performance of applied nanofluid is assessed in terms of parameters cooling rate, heat flux, and heat transfer coefficient, which are estimated using inverse heat conduction analysis. The cooling performance improvement is observed with concentration enhancement for all nanofluids. However, for mono CuO and mixed SiO2-CuO nanofluid at their highest concentration, the cooling enhancement percent decreases compared to their second highest concentration. The highest cooling rate of 164 °C/s is observed for mixed nanofluid at the highest concentration. The average surface heat flux, critical heat flux, and average heat transfer coefficient improvement are maximum at 1.80 MW/m2, 2.36 MW/m2, and 2.67 kW/m2K, respectively, for mixed nanofluid highest concentration. Therefore, nanofluid inclusion leads to spray cooling performance improvement, with slight performance reduction after nanoparticle loading enhancement in some cases.

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Data availability

Data available on request from the authors.

Abbreviations

d:

Basal spacing

\(C_{p}\) :

Specific heat capacity of stainless steel

h:

Heat transfer coefficient

\(k_{s}\) :

Thermal conductivity of stainless steel

K:

Scherrer constant (= 0.9)

L:

Crystallite size

Q:

Surface heat flux

Rwp :

Weighted profile R-factor

Rexp :

Expected R-factor

Ts :

Surface temperature

Tc :

Coolant temperature

ρ s :

Density of stainless steel

β:

Full-width half maximum of diffraction peak (FWHM)

θ:

X-ray diffraction angle

λ:

X-ray wavelength

χ2 :

Goodness of fit

AHF:

Average heat flux

AHTC:

Average Heat Transfer Coefficient

AISI:

American Iron and Steel Institute

CHF:

Critical Heat flux

DIW:

De-ionized Water

DLS:

Dynamic Light scattering

EDS:

Energy dispersive spectroscopy

FESEM:

Field emission scanning electron microscope

FTIR:

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

GoF:

Goodness of fit

HRM:

Hot Rolling Mill

ICDD:

International Centre for Diffraction Data

l-RHA:

Leached rice husk ash

PPM:

Parts Per Million

RH:

Rice Husk

RHA:

Rice Husk Ash

ROT:

Run-out Table

SDS:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

SS:

Stainless Steel

TC:

Thermocouple

TCs:

Thermocouples

UFC:

Ultrafast cooling

u-RHA:

Unleached rice husk ash

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

XRF:

X-ray fluorescent

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Acknowledgements

We want to thank Departmental Research Facility, IIT Kharagpur, for providing characterization facilities for this work.

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  1. Industrial-Scale Heat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India

    Prashant Kumar, Chandan Kumar Chaurasia, Sudipa Das, Suparna Bhattacharyya & Sudipto Chakraborty

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Contributions

All authors have contributed to this work. Prashant Kumar was involved in conceptualization, nanofluid preparation, data collection, data curation, method, and analysis. Chandan Kumar Chaurasia tendered help during the nanofluid preparation, investigation, experimentation data collection, data curation, while Sudipa Das and Suparna Bhattacharyya tendered help during the spray cooling experiment. In manuscript draft writing, review, editing, supervision, and resource availability were done with the assistance of Prof. Sudipto Chakraborty. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Kumar, P., Chaurasia, C.K., Das, S. et al. Synthesis, characterization and application of SiO2 and CuO nanofluid in spray cooling of hot steel plate. Heat Mass Transfer (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-023-03345-z

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