Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Experimental and computational investigations on microchannel heat sinks with novel ITSCEB cross-section

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Heat and Mass Transfer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, the performances of a novel Inverted T-shaped with Semi-Circular Ends at Base (ITSCEB) microchannel heat sink (MCHS) and a conventionally most favored rectangular MCHS with almost the same hydraulic diameter and convective area were studied with water as the working fluid to explore the effects of shape. The tests were conducted for flow rates in the range of 0.1 – 0.8 LPM. The present computational outcomes are in good concurrence with the experimental data for the single-phase conditions. Both the experimental and computational outcomes support the superiority of ITSCEB MCHS over the conventional rectangular MCHS with 4–20% enhanced heat transfer. This enhancement can be attributed to the unique ITSCEB shape. In addition, a significant decrement in the thermal resistance and conjugate effects for ITSCEB shape proves its pre-eminence over the rectangular shape. Further a novel empirical correlation to predict the Nusselt number is proposed that can be applied to uniform cross-section MCHS with different shapes. A comparison of the present findings and those reported in the literature with the proposed correlation shows deviations in the acceptable range of ± 17%.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

D h :

Hydraulic diameter (m)

f :

Friction factor

p :

Pressure (N m−2)

Re :

Reynolds number

∆p :

Pressure drop (bar)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

u m :

Average flow velocity (m s−1)

c p :

Specific heat capacity (J kg−1 K−1)

h :

Heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 K−1)

L :

Length (m)

q :

Heat transfer (W)

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Volumetric flow rate (m3 s−1)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg s−1)

T :

Temperature (K)

\({q}^{"}\) :

Heat flux (W m−2)

M :

Non-dimensional axial conduction number

Nu :

Nusselt number

N :

Number of channels

P p :

Pumping power consumption (W)

A :

Area (m2)

\({R}_{th}\) :

Thermal resistance (K W−1)

P :

Wetted perimeter (m)

x :

Width direction (m)

y :

Depth direction (m)

z :

Flow direction (m)

ρ:

Density (kg m−3)

μ:

Fluid viscosity (m2 s−1)

in :

Inlet

out :

Outlet

f :

Fluid

eff :

Effective

t :

Footprint

tc :

Thermocouple

w :

Microchannel wall

avg :

Average

s :

Substrate

max :

Maximum

b :

Bottom wall

c :

Cross-section

conv :

Convective

MCHS:

MicroChannel Heat Sink

ITRS:

International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors

VLSI:

Very Large Scale Integrated circuits

MHE:

Microchannel Heat Exchanger

ITSCEB:

Inverted T shaped with Semi-Circular Ends at Base

References

  1. Tuckerman DB, Pease RFW (1981) High performance heat sinking for VLSI. IEEE Electron Dev Lett 2:126–129

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ohadi M, Choo K, Dessiatoun S, Cetegen E (2013) Emerging applications of microchannels. In: Next generation microchannel heat exchangers, Springer Briefs in Applied Sciences and Technology. Springer, New York

  3. Elshafei EAM, Awad MM, El-Negiry E, Ali AG (2010) Heat transfer and pressure drop in corrugated channels. Energy 35(1):101–110

    Google Scholar 

  4. Xia G, Ma D, Zhai Y, Li Y, Liu R, Du M (2015) Experimental and numerical study of fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in microchannel heat sink with complex structure. Energy Convers Manage 105:848–857

    Google Scholar 

  5. Li Y, Zhang F, Sunden B, Xie G (2014) Laminar thermal performance of microchannel heat sinks with constructal vertical Y-shaped bifurcation plates. Appl Therm Eng 73(1):185–195

    Google Scholar 

  6. Zhang R, Chen Z, Xie G, Sunden B (2015) Numerical analysis of constructal water-cooled microchannel heat sinks with multiple bifurcations in the entrance region. Numer Heat Transf Part A 67(6):632–650

    Google Scholar 

  7. Zhang F, Sundén B, Zhang W, Xie G (2015) Constructal parallel-flow and counterflow microchannel heat sinks with bifurcations. Numer Heat Transf Part A 68(10):1087–1105

    Google Scholar 

  8. Xie G, Li Y, Zhang F, Sundén B (2016) Analysis of micro-channel heat sinks with rectangular-shaped flow obstructions. Numer Heat Transf Part A 69(4):335–351

    Google Scholar 

  9. Chen Y, Zhang C, Shi M, Wu J (2009) Three-dimensional numerical simulation of heat and fluid flow in noncircular microchannel heat sinks. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer 36(9):917–920

    Google Scholar 

  10. Gunnasegaran P, Mohammed HA, Shuaib NH, Saidur R (2010) The effect of geometrical parameters on heat transfer characteristics of microchannels heat sink with different shapes. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer 37(8):1078–1086

    Google Scholar 

  11. Alfaryjat AA, Mohammed HA, Adam NM, Ariffin MKA, Najafabadi MI (2014) Influence of geometrical parameters of hexagonal, circular, and rhombus microchannel heat sinks on the thermohydraulic characteristics. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer 52:121–131

    Google Scholar 

  12. Wang H, Chen Z, Gao J (2016) Influence of geometric parameters on flow and heat transfer performance of micro-channel heat sinks. Appl Therm Eng 107:870–879

    Google Scholar 

  13. Tilak AK, Patil RS (2018) Comparative analysis of thermohydraulic performance of rectangular and hexagonal cross-Section microchannel heat sink. Proceedings of 7th International and 45th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power (FMFP-2018), IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India

  14. Tilak AK, Patil RS (2020) Study on effects of novel cross-sections of microchannel heat sink on thermohydraulic performance. ASME J Heat Trans 142(4):044506

    Google Scholar 

  15. Chai L, Xia G, Wang L, Zhou M, Cui Z (2013) Heat transfer enhancement in microchannel heat sinks with periodic expansion–constriction cross-sections. Int J Heat Mass Transf 62:741–751

    Google Scholar 

  16. Duryodhan VS, Singh A, Singh SG, Agrawal A (2015) Convective heat transfer in diverging and converging microchannels. Int J Heat Mass Transf 80:424–438

    Google Scholar 

  17. Vinoth R, Kumar DS (2017) Channel cross section effect on heat transfer performance of oblique finned microchannel heat sink. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer 87:270–276

    Google Scholar 

  18. Deng D, Wan W, Tang Y, Shao H, Huang Y (2015) Experimental and numerical study of thermal enhancement in reentrant copper microchannels. Int J Heat Mass Transf 91:656–670

    Google Scholar 

  19. Dharaiya V, Kandlikar S (2012) Numerical investigation of heat transfer in rectangular microchannels under H2 boundary condition during developing and fully developed laminar flow. J Heat Transfer 134(2):020911

    Google Scholar 

  20. Jung JY, Kwak HY (2008) Fluid flow and heat transfer in microchannels with rectangular cross section. Heat Mass Transfer 44:1041–1049

    Google Scholar 

  21. Mishan Y, Mosyak A, Pogrebnyak E, Hetsroni G (2007) Effect of developing flow and thermal regime on momentum and heat transfer in micro-scale heat sink. Int J Heat Mass Transf 50:3100–3114

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Popiel CO, Wojtkowiak J (1998) Simple formulas for thermophysical properties of liquid water for heat transfer calculations (from 0°C to 150°C). Heat Transfer Eng 19(3):87–101

    Google Scholar 

  23. Qu W, Mudawar I (2002) Experimental and numerical study of pressure drop and heat transfer in a single phase microchannel heat sink. Int J Heat Mass Transf 45:2549–2565

    Google Scholar 

  24. Lee J, Mudawar I (2007) Assessment of the effectiveness of nanofluids for single-phase and two-phase heat transfer in microchannels. Int J Heat Transf 50:452–463

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ho CJ, Wei LC, Li ZW (2010) An experimental investigation of forced convective cooling performance of a microchannel heat sink with Al2O3/water nanofluid. Appl Therm Eng 30(2–3):96–103

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kline SJ, McClintock FA (1953) Describing uncertainities in single-sample experiments. Mech Eng 75:3–8

    Google Scholar 

  27. Fedorov AG, Viskanta R (2000) Three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer in the microchannel heat sink for electronic packaging. Int J Heat Mass Transf 43:399–415

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Lee PS, Garimella SV, Liu D (2005) Investigation of heat transfer in rectangular microchannels. Int J Heat Mass Transf 48(9):1688–1704

    Google Scholar 

  29. Hasan MI, Rageb AA, Yaghoubi M et al (2009) Influence of channel geometry on the performance of a counter flow microchannel heat exchanger. Int J Therm Sci 48(8):1607–1618

    Google Scholar 

  30. Xia G, Ma D, Zhai Y (2015) Experimental and numerical study of fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in microchannel heat sink with complex structure. Energy Convers Manage 105:848–857

    Google Scholar 

  31. Tsai T, Chein R (2007) Performance analysis of nanofluid-cooled microchannel heat sinks. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 28(5):1013–1026

    Google Scholar 

  32. Hung T, Yan W, Wang X (2012) Heat transfer enhancement in microchannel heat sinks using nanofluids. Int J Heat Mass Transf 55(9):2559–2570

    Google Scholar 

  33. Li Z, He Y-L, Tang G-H, Tao W-Q (2007) Experimental and numerical studies of liquid flow and heat transfer in microtubes. Int J Heat Mass Transf 50:3447–3460

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. Rahimi M, Mehryar R (2012) Numerical study of axial heat conduction effects on the local Nusselt number at the entrance and ending regions of a circular microchannels. Int J Therm Sci 59:87–94

    Google Scholar 

  35. Moharana MK, Khandekar S (2012) Effect of aspect ratio of rectangular microchannels on the axial back conduction in its solid substrate. Int J Microsc Nanosc Thermal Fluid Transport Phenom 4:211–229

    Google Scholar 

  36. Celata GP, Cumo M, Marconi V, McPhail SJ, Zummo G (2006) Microtube liquid single-phase heat transfer in laminar flow. Int J Heat Mass Transf 49:3538–3546

    Google Scholar 

  37. Moharana MK, Agarwal G, Khandekar S (2011) Axial conduction in single-phase simultaneously developing flow in a rectangular mini-channel array. Int J Therm Sci 50:1001–1012

    Google Scholar 

  38. Shah RK, London AL (1978) Laminar flow forced convection in ducts. Adv Heat Transf. Academic Press Edition 1, New York

  39. Sadeghi E, Bahrami M, Djilali N (2010) Estimation of Nusselt number in microchannels of arbitrary cross section with constant axial heat flux. Heat Transfer Eng 31(8):666–674

    Google Scholar 

  40. Mathematica Software Version 10.4

  41. Singh PK, Harikrishna PV, Sundararajan T, Das SK (2011) Experimental and numerical investigation into the heat transfer study of nanofluids in microchannel. ASME J Heat Trans 133:121701

    Google Scholar 

  42. Liu C, Teng J-T, Chu J-C, Chiu Y-L, Huang S, Jin S, Dang T, Greif R, Pan H-H (2011) Experimental investigations on liquid flow and heat transfer in rectangular microchannel with longitudinal vortex generators. Int J Heat Mass Transf 54:3069–3080

    Google Scholar 

  43. Chen C, Teng J-T, Cheng C-H, Jin S, Huang S, Liu C, Lee M-T, Pan H-H, Greif R (2014) A study on fluid flow and heat transfer in rectangular microchannels with various longitudinal vortex generators. Int J Heat Mass Transf 69:203–214

    Google Scholar 

  44. Peyghambarzadeh SM, Hashemabadi SH, Chabi AR, Salimi M (2014) Performance of water based CuO and Al2O3 nanofluids in a Cu–Be alloy heat sink with rectangular microchannels. Energy Convers Manage 86:28–38

    Google Scholar 

  45. Manay E, Sahin B (2016) The effect of microchannel height on performance of nanofluids. Int J Heat Mass Transf 95:307–320

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Central Sophisticated Instrumentation Facility (CSIF), Computational laboratory, and Thermal Science Laboratory of Department of Mechanical engineering in BITS Pilani K.K. Birla Goa campus for the experimental facility.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, BITS Pilani-K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Mormugao, Goa, 403726, India

    Abhilash K. Tilak & Ranjit S. Patil

  2. Department of Applied Mechanics, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India

    Anupam Dewan

Authors
  1. Abhilash K. Tilak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ranjit S. Patil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Anupam Dewan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ranjit S. Patil.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tilak, A.K., Patil, R.S. & Dewan, A. Experimental and computational investigations on microchannel heat sinks with novel ITSCEB cross-section. Heat Mass Transfer 59, 1209–1227 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-022-03320-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-022-03320-0

Search

Navigation