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Study on the maximum temperature beneath the ceiling with different neutral plane heights for long narrow space fires

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Abstract

An experimental study and the dimensionless global correlation between the opening position and the maximum gas temperature beneath the ceiling under natural ventilation have been carried out. The results show that opening position and fire size play an important role on the heat release rate (HRR) and maximum temperature. Compared with Li’s model, an empirical formula was developed to predict the maximum temperature beneath the ceiling, which was verified by numerical simulation and experimental simulation. The predicted values agree well with the experimental and simulated data, and the errors are within 20%. Compared with Hu’s model, the end opening (end blockage) has a certain degree influence on the maximum temperature, and the smaller the fire size, the greater the influence is.

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Abbreviations

A B :

Cross-section area of blockage, m2

A T :

Cross-section area of tunnel, m2

c p :

Air specific heat, kJ/kg·K

D :

Tunnel hydraulic diameter, m

d :

Fire size, m

D * :

Characteristic fire diameter, m

d * :

Dimensionless fire size, -

Fr :

Froude number, -

g :

Gravitational acceleration, m/s2

H :

Confined space height, m

H 0 :

Distance between the bottom of opening and neutral plane, m

H B :

Distance between floor and the bottom of opening, m

H ef :

Distance between fire source and the ceiling, m

H n :

Neutral plane height, m

H n * :

Dimensionless neutral plane height, -

L :

Fire-blockage distance, m

Q :

Heat release rate of fire source, kW

Q * :

Dimensionless heat release rate of fire source, -

Q c :

Convective heat release rate of fire source, -

R :

Radius of fire source, m

r :

Air-fuel ratio, -

T a :

Ambient temperature, K

V :

Ventilation velocity, m/s

V' :

Dimensionless ventilation velocity, -

V * :

Characteristic velocity, m/s

ΔT max :

Maximum excess gas temperature, K

δx :

Grid size, m

ρ a :

Ambient air temperature, K

ρ F :

Hot gas temperature, K

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51506136, 51406128, 51905361).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Rail Transportation, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215131, People’s Republic of China

    Xinlei Zhu, Weifeng Zhao, Xueliang Fan, Yelin Deng & You Jia

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  1. Xinlei Zhu
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  2. Weifeng Zhao
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  3. Xueliang Fan
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Correspondence to Weifeng Zhao or Xueliang Fan.

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We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work, there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of, the manuscript entitled, “Study on the maximum temperature beneath the ceiling with different neutral plane heights for long narrow space fires.

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Zhu, X., Zhao, W., Fan, X. et al. Study on the maximum temperature beneath the ceiling with different neutral plane heights for long narrow space fires. Heat Mass Transfer 59, 1037–1047 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-022-03314-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-022-03314-y

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