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Thermophysical characterization and melting heat transfer analysis of an organic phase change material dispersed with GNP- Ag hybrid nanoparticles

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Abstract

In the experimental study presented here, the effectiveness of using hybrid nanoparticles of Graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) aggregates and Silver (Ag) nanoparticles as a thermal conductivity enhancer (TCE) in an organic solid–liquid phase change material (PCM) is examined. An in-situ reduction method was used to synthesize the GNP-Ag hybrid nanoparticles, and these were characterized by SEM, TEM, EDS, and XRD. PCM composites were prepared by embedding different concentrations of GNP and GNP-Ag hybrid nanoparticles into a paraffin-based PCM. The effective thermophysical properties of the composite PCMs, such as specific heats, latent heats of solidification, and thermal conductivities, were determined using a T-History analysis from the Time–Temperature and Temperature-Enthalpy curves. The study finds that the Base PCM's effective thermal conductivity was augmented by 52% with 1 wt.% of GNP-Ag hybrid nanoparticles. In comparison, the increase was only 27% when dispersed with the same amount of GNP alone. A heat transfer analysis was also conducted in a cylindrical PCM enclosure to investigate the effect of these nano-additives in the natural convection-dominated melting process of the PCM. An investigation on the dynamic viscosity of NEPCMs and quantitative analysis of Grashof number confirmed that GNP-Ag nanoparticles outperform GNP in the melting heat transfer of the PCMs.

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Abbreviations

At :

Convective surface area of the test tube (m2)

Α:

Coefficient of thermal expansion (-K)

Cp :

Specific heat (J/g K)

g:

Acceleration due to gravity (m/s2)

Gr:

Grashof Number

h:

Heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K)

H:

Height of the interface (m)

I:

Area under the time–temperature curve (Ks)

k:

Thermal conductivity (W/mK)

L:

Latent heat of solidification (J/g)

m:

Mass (g)

µ:

Dynamic viscosity (mPa.s)

ν:

Kinematic viscosity (m2/s)

ϕ:

Volume fraction

R:

Radius of the test tube (m)

T:

Temperature (K)

tf :

Time of full solidification (s)

ρ:

Density (g/cm3)

u:

Uncertainty

b:

Base

l:

Liquid

m:

Melting

nf:

Nanofluid

o:

Onset

pcm:

Phase change material

r:

Reference

Rel:

Relative

s:

Solid

t:

Test tube

T:

Temperature

Ti :

Initial temperature

w:

Water

∞:

Ambient

DAS:

Digital Acquisition System

DSC:

Differential Scanning Calorimetry

EDS:

Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy

GNP:

Graphene nanoplatelets

NEPCM:

Nano-enhanced phase change materials

PCM:

Phase change materials

SEM:

Scanning Electron Microscope

TC:

Thermocouples

TCE:

Thermal conductivity enhancers

TEM:

Transmission Electron Microscope

TPS:

Transient Planar Source

XRD:

X-ray Diffraction

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  1. Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, India

    Neeshma Radhakrishnan & C. B. Sobhan

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  1. Neeshma Radhakrishnan
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Correspondence to Neeshma Radhakrishnan.

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Radhakrishnan, N., Sobhan, C.B. Thermophysical characterization and melting heat transfer analysis of an organic phase change material dispersed with GNP- Ag hybrid nanoparticles. Heat Mass Transfer 58, 1811–1828 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-022-03218-x

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