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Experimental investigation of surface finishing technique impact on subcooled flow boiling heat transfer enhancement: sandpapering and sandblasting

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Abstract

Despite surface characteristics being perceived as a prominent factor in boiling, the effect of surface roughness has not been consistently understood. Evidence of this is the diverse representations of the surface characteristics in widely used correlations. The surface's microscopic profile is a determinant factor since the minuscule peaks and valleys serve as potential bubble generation sites. To understand the effect of finishing on surface characteristics and boiling, eight sample surfaces generated via two techniques, namely sandpapering and sandblasting, are investigated and later put under subcooled flow boiling tests of water in this study. The experiments are conducted in atmospheric pressure with flow rates ranging from 2.5 to 7.5 L/min and subcooling of 5.6 and 9.6 °C. The results obtained from profilometry show that cavities' geometry and distribution are characteristically different when comparing the two finishing techniques. Increasing the average roughness (\({\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{a}}\)) from 0.017 to 7.325 µm is shown to generally enhance subcooled flow boiling heat transfer coefficient up to 100%. However, the finishing technique affects this improvement. In spite of having almost equal \({\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{a}}\), the boiling performance of surfaces prepared with sandblasting technique surpasses those roughened by sandpaper in terms of initiation of boiling as well as heat transfer coefficient. This discrepancy is justified by referring to the difference in surface microscopic characteristics, inherent to the finishing method, whereby the disperse and soft-edged cavities on sandpapered surfaces promote flooding phenomenon, while sharp-edged, densely packed peaks and valleys on sandblasted surfaces provide better entrapment of the bubble nuclei. This paper concludes by evaluating and modifying three common boiling correlations as representative of three methods of accounting for surface characteristics based on the experimental results. Relatively high prediction errors reveal the need for more accurate models for subcooled flow boiling.

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Abbreviations

HTET:

Heat Transfer Enhancement Technique

ONB:

Onset of Nucleate Boiling

BHTC:

Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficient

CHF:

Critical Heat Flux

AFM:

Atomic Force Microscopy

DAQ:

Data Acquisition unit

MDB:

Modified Dittus-Boelter

SEM:

Scanning Electron Microscopy

S:

Smooth

SB:

Sandblasted

R#:

Sandpapered

Csf :

Surface-Fluid Constant

Ra :

Average 2-D roughness(µm)

Rq :

Root mean square 2-D roughness (µm)

Sa :

Average 3-D roughness(µm)

Sq :

Root mean square 3-D roughness (µm)

Sm :

Average distance between adjacent valleys (µm)

Sp :

Maximum height of peaks (µm)

Sz :

Ten-point height(µm)

St :

Maximum height of the profile

Rp old :

Roughness parameter in Hua

Fq, Fp, Ff, Fwr, Fwm :

Functions defined in VDI

F:

Forced convection enhancement factor

S:

Suppression factor

P:

Experimental test points

q:

Wall heat flux (W.m−2)

P:

Pressure (Pa)

Pc :

Critical pressure (Pa)

M:

Molar weight (g.mol−1)

x:

Vapor quality

T:

Temperature (°C)

u:

Flow velocity (m.s−1)

Q:

Flow rate (L.min−1)

G:

Mass flux (kg.m−2 s−1)

Re:

Reynolds number

Nu:

Nusselt number

Pr:

Prandtl number

g:

Gravity acceleration (m2s−1)

Cp:

Specific heat (W.kg−1.K−1)

k:

Thermal conductivity (W.m−1.K−1)

h:

Heat transfer coefficient (kW.m−2.K−1)

SD:

Standard Deviation

ρ :

Density (kg.m−2)

μ :

Viscosity (Pa.s)

σ :

Surface tension (N.m−1)

φ :

Peripheral angle (degree)

\({\mathrm{\Delta T}}_{\mathrm{sub}}\) :

Inlet subcooling (°C)

\({\mathrm{\Delta T}}_{\mathrm{sup}}\) :

Wall superheat (°C

d:

Departure

r:

Reduced

Cu:

Copper

0:

Reference

pb:

Pool boiling

l:

Liquid

g:

Gas

lg:

Liquid to gas

b:

Bulk

w:

Wall

sub:

Subcooled

sat:

Saturation

sp:

Single-phase

in:

Inlet

nb:

Nucleate boiling

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  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Masood Shamsaiee, Shahriyar Ghazanfari Holagh, Mohammad Ali Abdous & Hamid Saffari

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  1. Masood Shamsaiee
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  2. Shahriyar Ghazanfari Holagh
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Shamsaiee, M., Holagh, S.G., Abdous, M.A. et al. Experimental investigation of surface finishing technique impact on subcooled flow boiling heat transfer enhancement: sandpapering and sandblasting. Heat Mass Transfer 58, 1785–1810 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-022-03211-4

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