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Experimental study on the viscosity of hybrid nanofluid and development of a new correlation

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Abstract

The present experimental analysis targeted on the preparation of water based (Al2O3-SiC-TiO2) ternary hybrid nanofluids by the mistreatment of two-stage methodology. Each vol. fraction sample of ternary hybrid nanofluids consists of an equal proportion of Al2O3-SiC-TiO2 nanoparticles for this analysis. The result for the dynamic viscosity of ternary hybrid nanofluids was examined for a temperature range of 35–40 °C and within a vol. fraction range of (0.01–0.1%). Analysis extended to the morphology characterization study through SEM image, together with an EDX analysis for 0.1% vol. fraction ternary hybrid nanofluid. Furthermore, based on the supported results, a new correlation was projected for the dynamic viscosity of ternary hybrid nanofluid, and also compared with the relevant literatures. The results revealed that the rise in vol. fraction, contains a larger role in increasing the interior resistance of fluid and the low vol. fractions have a weaker result on the viscosity of ternary hybrid nanofluids. The best relative consistency was discovered within 0.1% vol. fraction and, consistent with the obtained results, the margin of deviation within the intervals of ±2.6%.

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Abbreviations

ϕ:

volume fraction

ρ :

density

w:

material weight

μ:

dynamic viscosity

bf:

base fluid

Al2O3 :

aluminum oxide

SiC:

silicon carbide

TiO2 :

titanium oxide

THNF:

ternary hybrid nanofluid

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

EDX:

Energy Dispersive X-Ray

MOD:

margin of deviation

np:

nanoparticle

T:

temperature

Dp:

diameter of the nanoparticle

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India

    Rashmi Rekha Sahoo

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Correspondence to Rashmi Rekha Sahoo.

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Sahoo, R.R. Experimental study on the viscosity of hybrid nanofluid and development of a new correlation. Heat Mass Transfer 56, 3023–3033 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-020-02915-9

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