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Numerical evaluation of inclined heat pipes on suppressing spontaneous coal combustion

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Abstract

Suppressing spontaneous coal combustion with heat pipe (HP) is an effect fire fighting method in practice. To improve the heat transfer capacity of HPs in coal piles as much as possible, this work explores the optimal inclination angle of HPs to remove heat in the coal stockpiles. Based on the theory of fluid mechanics and heat transfer, a physical-mathematical model of coal-HP-air was established, and the spontaneous combustion process of coal piles and the effect of HPs at four inclination angles (θ) of 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° on the spontaneous combustion of coal piles were studied. The results show that the presence of HPs can change the heat conduction path in a coal pile and help the coal pile to dissipate heat in time, and this process makes the temperature contours on both the windward side and the leeward side deform and exhibits a ‘saddle’-like cooling mode at the periphery of the HPs. As θ of the HPs increases, the area (ΔS) by which the spontaneous combustion danger zone (SCDZ) is decreased first increases and then decreases, and the maximum temperature (Tmax) drop values (ΔT) first increases and then decreases. Moreover, the thermal performance of the HPs at inclination angle of 60° is found to be higher than other tested inclination angles. When θ = 60°, the heat is largely removed, and the integrity of the SCDZ is destroyed, so that ΔS is 11.106 m2, ΔT is 13.1 °C, and the natural ignition period is extended by approximately 25 days. Consequently, this study provides a reference for the design and optimization of coal fire fighting engineering with HP application in the future.

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Abbreviations

A :

Pre-factor [s–1]

b n :

Fin height [m]

c :

Heat capacity [J/(kg·K)]

C :

Oxygen concentration [%]

d :

Diameter [m]

D :

Diffusion coefficient [m2/s]

E :

Activation energy [mol/J]

h :

Heat transfer coefficient [W/(m2·K)]

k :

Permeability [m2]

l :

Length [m]

m :

Reaction constant

Q :

Total heat flux of HP [W/m2]

r :

Consumption rate of oxygen [kmol/(m–3·s–1)]

R :

Heat resistance

R ' :

Universal gas constant [J/mol·K]

s n :

Fin space [m]

t :

Time [s]

T :

Temperature [K]

u :

Velocity component in the x direction [m/s]

U :

Wind velocity at the height z [m/s]

U 10 :

Velocity at a height of 10 m, which is 3 [m/s]

v :

Velocity component in the y direction [m/s]

x :

x direction

y :

y direction

z :

Height [m]

δ :

Fin thickness [m]

ε :

Porosity of coal

λ :

Thermal conductivity [W/m·K]

ρ :

Density [kg/m3]

a:

Air

am:

Ambient

c:

Condenser section

e:

Evaporator section

eff:

Equivalent

i:

Inner

l:

Liquid film

o:

Outer

s:

Coal

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 51904054 and 51774232), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (no. DUT19RC(4)002).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology (XUST), Xi’an, 710054, Shaanxi, China

    Fangming Cheng, Zhuchuan Chang, Jun Deng, Fan Nan & Anbang Zhang

  2. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Coal Fire, Xi’an, 710054, Shaanxi, China

    Fangming Cheng & Jun Deng

  3. School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China

    Bei Li

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  1. Fangming Cheng
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Correspondence to Zhuchuan Chang or Bei Li.

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Cheng, F., Chang, Z., Deng, J. et al. Numerical evaluation of inclined heat pipes on suppressing spontaneous coal combustion. Heat Mass Transfer 56, 1861–1874 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-020-02819-8

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