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Effects of small backward inclination on characteristics of a stack-issued combusting transverse jet in crossflow

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Abstract

Effects of small backward inclination on the flame behaviors and thermochemical structures of a stack-issued transverse combusting gaseous fuel jet in crossflow were examined in a wind tunnel. The wind tunnel was used to supply the crossflow. A combusting jet was released vertically into the crossflow through a burner tube to serve as the benchmark. The case that the jet released at a small backward inclination angle of 20o was studied for comparison with the benchmark. The jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratio ranged from 0.005 to 12. The flame behaviors were studied with photography techniques while the temperature fields were probed using a fine-wire R-type thermocouple. The combustion product concentrations were detected with a gas analyzer. It was found that the flames of the jet issued vertically into the crossflow never detached from the burner tube tip, whereas those of the jet issued from a burner tube at a small backward inclination angle may detach and stabilize above the burner tube exit at high fuel jet velocity before blow-off. The slightly backward inclined combusting jet in crossflow presented slower development to turbulent flames as the jet velocity increased and longer flame length than the flames of the vertically issued jet in crossflow. However, injecting the fuel jet at a small backward inclination angle into a crossflow may lead to a reduction in the emission levels of carbon monoxide and nitric oxide when compared with fuel jets released vertically.

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Abbreviations

b f :

Flame span width as observed from the top views, mm.

C CO :

Concentrations of carbon monoxide.

C NO :

Concentrations of nitric oxide.

C UHC :

Concentrations of unburned hydrocarbons.

D :

Outer diameter of burner tube, 6.4 mm.

d :

Inner diameter of burner tube, 5.0 mm.

L :

Length of burner tube, 510 mm.

L bf :

Blue flame length, mm.

l tf :

Total visible flame length, mm.

R :

Jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratio (= ρjuj2/ρwuw2).

Rej :

Jet Reynolds number (= ujd/νj).

Rew :

Crossflow Reynolds number (= uwD/νw).

T :

Time-averaged flame temperature, °C.

u j :

Average jet velocity at exit of burner tube (4Qj/πd2), m/s.

u w :

Crossflow velocity, m/s.

W rf :

Recirculation flame length, mm.

x :

Cartesian coordinate in axial direction.

y :

Cartesian coordinate in cross-stream direction.

z :

Vertical coordinate.

θ :

Backward-inclination angle of burner tube evaluated from the direction normal to the crossflow.

ρ j :

Fuel jet density, kg/m3.

ρ w :

Density of crossflow air, kg/m3.

ν j :

Kinematic viscosity of fuel jet, m2/s.

ν j :

Kinematic viscosity of crossflow air, m2/s.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Dickson Bwana Mosiria & Rong Fung Huang

  2. Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin County, 63246, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Ching Min Hsu

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Mosiria, D.B., Huang, R.F. & Hsu, C.M. Effects of small backward inclination on characteristics of a stack-issued combusting transverse jet in crossflow. Heat Mass Transfer 55, 733–751 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-018-2457-5

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