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Thermal design, rating and second law analysis of shell and tube condensers based on Taguchi optimization for waste heat recovery based thermal desalination plants

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Abstract

The present work discusses the design and selection of a shell and tube condenser used in Low Temperature Thermal Desalination (LTTD). To optimize the key geometrical and process parameters of the condenser with multiple parameters and levels, a design of an experiment approach using Taguchi method was chosen. An orthogonal array (OA) of 25 designs was selected for this study. The condenser was designed, analysed using HTRI software and the heat transfer area with respective tube side pressure drop were computed using the same, as these two objective functions determine the capital and running cost of the condenser. There was a complex trade off between the heat transfer area and pressure drop in the analysis, however second law analysis was worked out for determining the optimal heat transfer area vs pressure drop for condensing the required heat load.

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Abbreviations

A:

Net cross flow / heat transfer area (m2)

Cp :

Specific heat (J/kgK)

Cgs :

HTRI Shell side flow regime parameter

d:

Diameter of tube

F:

Cross flow correction factor

f:

Friction factor

fis :

Isothermal friction factor

F fb :

B stream flow fraction (≅0.6)

F mr :

Momentum recovery factor

G:

Total mass flux (kg/m2s)

g:

Acceleration due to gravity (m/s2)

h:

Heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K)

K:

Thermal conductivity of wall (W/mK)

L:

Tube Length (m)

m :

Total mass flow rate (kg/s)

Nt :

Number of tubes

Pr:

Prandtl number

p t :

Tube pitch (m)

R:

Heat capacity ratio

R f :

Fouling resistance (m2K/W)

R lh :

Homogenous liquid volume fraction

Re:

Reynolds number

S. gen :

Entropy generated

S:

Thermal effectiveness

T:

Temperature of Fluid (K)

U:

Overall heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K)

y:

Weight of vapour fraction

Δp:

Pressure drop (kPa)

ΔT:

Temperature difference (K)

Δpmr :

Two phase momentum pressure drop (kPa)

ρ:

Density (kg/m3)

μ:

Homogenous dynamic Viscosity (Ns/m2)

φ:

Temperature profile function

∅v 2 :

Ratio of two phase to vapor phase frictional pressure drop

α:

Momentum diffusivity (m2/s)

∅h :

Physical property correction factor, heat transfer

∅p :

Physical property correction factor, pressure drop

c:

Cold fluid

h:

Hot fluid

s:

Shell side

t:

Tube side

sp:

Single phase

w:

Wall temperature

i:

In

o:

Out

l:

Liquid

v:

Vapour

tp:

Two phase

fric:

Friction component

m:

Momentum component

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Acknowledgments

This work has been done under the funding of Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Govt. of India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Energy& Fresh Water group, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai, India

    Balaji Chandrakanth,  Venkatesan G,  Prakash Kumar L.S.S & Purnima Jalihal

  2. Institute of Energy Studies, College of Engineering, Guindy, Chennai, India

    Iniyan S

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  1. Balaji Chandrakanth
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Correspondence to Balaji Chandrakanth.

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Chandrakanth, B., Venkatesan G, Prakash Kumar L.S.S et al. Thermal design, rating and second law analysis of shell and tube condensers based on Taguchi optimization for waste heat recovery based thermal desalination plants. Heat Mass Transfer 54, 2885–2897 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-018-2326-2

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