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Laminar mixed convective heat transfer enhancement by using Ag-TiO2-water hybrid Nanofluid in a heated horizontal annulus

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Abstract

In the present paper, laminar mixed convection in horizontal annulus filled with a TiO2/water nanofluid and Ag-TiO2/water hybrid nanofluid has been numerically studied. The outer cylinder is uniformly heated while the inner cylinder is adiabatic. The governing equations with the appropriate boundary conditions are discretized by the finite volume method with second order precision, and solved by using the SIMPLER and Thomas algorithms. The numerical simulations are performed for various nanoparticles volume fractions, between 0 and 8% and Grashof numbers between 105 and 106. The results shows that for all studied Grashof numbers, the local and average Nusselt numbers, and the bulk temperature increase with the increasing of the volume fraction and the Grashof number. The heat transfer is very enhancement when using a Ag-TiO2/water hybrid nanofluid compared to the similar TiO2/water nanofluid. Moreover, the exploitation of the numerical results that we obtained enabled us to develop two new correlations, which allow the estimation of the average Nusselt number. The results reveal that the numerical data are in a good agreement with the correlation data. The maximum error for nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid was around 2.5% and 4.7% respectively. Hence, among the multitude of the obtained results in this work, it remains that the new correlations developed, especially for the hybrid nanofluid Ag-TiO2 / water, constitute for their originality, the most significant result of this research.

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Abbreviations

Cp:

Specific heat, J.kg−1 K−1

Dh :

Hydraulic tube diameter, (=Do − Di), m

Di :

Inner diameter, m

Do :

Outer diameter, m

g:

Gravitational acceleration, m.s−2

Gr:

Grashof number

ho :

Outer convective heat transfer coefficient, W.m−2 K−1

k:

Thermal conductivity, W.m−1 K−1

Nu:

Nusselt number

p:

Pressure, Pa

Pr:

Prandtl number

qw :

Uniform heat flux, W.m−2

r:

Radius, m

ri :

Inner radius, m

ro :

Outer radius, m

Re:

Reynolds number

T:

Temperature, K

u:

Radial velocity component, m.s−1

v:

Axial velocity component, m.s−1

w:

Angular velocity component, m.s−1

z:

Axial direction, m

β:

Volumetric expansion coefficient, K−1

θ:

Angular coordinate

ϕ :

Nanoparticle volume concentration, dimensionless

μ:

Dynamic viscosity, kg.m−1 s−1

ν:

Kinematic viscosity, m2.s−1

ρ:

Density, Kg.m−3

b:

Bulk

hnf:

Hybrid nanofluid

nf:

Nanofluid

f:

Base fluid

0:

Inlet condition

p:

Solid particles

w:

Wall

٭:

Dimensionless parameters

SIMPLER:

Semi implicit method for pressure-linked equations revised

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the Energy Physics Laboratory (LPE) of Brothers Mentouri University of Constantine (Algeria) and the Algerian Ministry of high Education and Scientific Research (MESRS) for the financial support through FNR Grant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université M’hamed Bougara Boumerdes, 35000, Boumerdes, Algeria

    Mohamed Benkhedda

  2. Laboratoire de Physique Energétique, Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, 25000, Constantine, Algeria

    Mohamed Benkhedda, Toufik Boufendi & S. Touahri

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  1. Mohamed Benkhedda
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Benkhedda, M., Boufendi, T. & Touahri, S. Laminar mixed convective heat transfer enhancement by using Ag-TiO2-water hybrid Nanofluid in a heated horizontal annulus. Heat Mass Transfer 54, 2799–2814 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-018-2302-x

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