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Experimental verification of heat transfer coefficient for nucleate boiling at sub-atmospheric pressure and small heat fluxes

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Abstract

In this paper we study the influence of sub-atmospheric pressure on nucleate boiling. Sixteen correlations for pool boiling available in literature are gathered and evaluated. Analysis is performed in the pressure range 1–10 kPa and for heat flux densities 10–45 kW/m2. Superheats are set between 6.2 and 28.7 K. The results of calculations were compared with experimental values for the same parameters. The experiments were conducted using isolated glass cylinder and water boiling above the copper plate. Results show that low pressure adjust the character of boiling curve—the curve flattened and the natural convection region of boiling is shifted towards higher wall temperature superheats due to the influence of low pressure on the bubble creation and process of its departure. In result, 8 of 16 analyzed correlations were determined as completely invalid in subatmospheric conditions and the remaining set of equations was compared to experimental results. Experimentally obtained values of heat transfer coefficients are between 1 and 2 kW/m2K. With mean absolute deviation (MAD) we have found that the most accurate approximation of heat transfer coefficient is obtained using Mostinski reduced pressure correlation (0.13–0.35 MAD) and Labuntsov correlation (0.12–0.89 MAD).

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Abbreviations

A:

AREA (m2)

cp :

Specific heat capacity (kJ/kgK)

Csf :

Empirical constant

G:

Gravitational acceleration (m/s2)

Gr:

Grashof number

h:

Heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K)

h′:

Heat transfer coefficient in atmospheric pressure (W/m2K)

hfg :

Latent heat of vaporization (kJ/kg)

k:

Heat conductivity (W/mK)

m:

Empirical constant

n:

Empirical constant

Nu:

Nusselt number

p:

Pressure (Pa)

Pr:

Prandtl number

Q:

Heat flux (W)

\(\dot{q}\) :

Heat flux density (W/m2)

R:

Nucleation site radius (m)

Re:

Reynold’s number

T:

Temperature (K)

TLMTD :

Logarithmic mean temperature difference (K)

v:

Specific volume (m3/kg)

ΔT:

Temperature difference (K)

Γ :

Nominal weight (kg/m2s2)

μ :

Dynamic viscosity (Pa s)

υ :

Kinematic viscosity (m2/s)

ρ :

Density (kg/m3)

σ :

Surface tension (N/m)

ϑ :

Bubble departure diameter (m)

a:

Ambient

atm:

Atmospheric

crit:

Critical

l:

Liquid

sat:

Saturation

w:

Wall

v:

Vapor

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge Fortum Power and Heat Poland, for its support and financing of the research works necessary to prepare this publication.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-270, Wrocław, Poland

    Bartosz Zajaczkowski, Tomasz Halon & Zbigniew Krolicki

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  1. Bartosz Zajaczkowski
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  2. Tomasz Halon
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  3. Zbigniew Krolicki
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Correspondence to Bartosz Zajaczkowski.

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Zajaczkowski, B., Halon, T. & Krolicki, Z. Experimental verification of heat transfer coefficient for nucleate boiling at sub-atmospheric pressure and small heat fluxes. Heat Mass Transfer 52, 205–215 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-015-1549-8

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