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Blue shark (Prionace glauca) movements, habitat use, and vertical overlap with longline fishing gears in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean

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Abstract

Over the last three decades, the advent and the continuous sophistication of telemetry devices have revolutionized our understanding of how pelagic sharks move and exploit their three-dimensional underwater habitat, with implications for management and conservation. In this study, conventional (4,648) and electronic (18) tags were used to assess the horizontal and vertical movements of blue sharks, Prionace glauca, and their vertical overlap with shallow and deep-set longline fishing gears in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Results revealed prolonged permanence in the area, large-scale displacements, including trans-equatorial, trans-Atlantic and Indian–Atlantic movements, and high daily displacement rates. Blue sharks showed an extensive use of the water column and considerable variability among and within individuals in vertical behavior, involving normal and reverse diel vertical migrations, surface-oriented behavior, extended use of mesopelagic waters, and occasional extreme dives into bathypelagic waters. Depth distribution appeared unrelated to size or sex but was influenced by the time of day and temperature, with deeper and colder temperatures consistently found during the day. The moon cycle affected the vertical distribution of some sharks but not others. Temperature-depth recorders deployed on hooks, combined with depth distribution from electronic tags, provided insightful information on the species’ vertical overlap with shallow- and deep-set longline configurations. Encounterability values were higher during nighttime and lower during daytime for both longline configurations, but were largely affected by the individuals’ vertical behavior, highlighting the importance of accounting for environmental conditions besides fishing gear configuration and métiers. This novel information on blue sharks’ movements and fishery interactions in the South Atlantic Ocean can inform future management and conservation strategies.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to all scientific observers from the Programa Nacional de Observadores de la Flota Atunera Uruguaya (PNOFA) of the Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos (DINARA, Uruguay) who contributed with tagging effort, and to all skippers and fishermen who kindly reported recaptures. This study was carried out as part of FM Ph.D. thesis in Biological Sciences (Programa de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Básicas, (PEDECIBA), Uruguay; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Uruguay). FM was supported by a Doctoral grant from Agencia Nacional de Innovación e Investigación (ANII, ref: POS_NAC_2017_1_141427) and Comisión Académica de Posgrado (CAP). FM benefited from the financial support from the ICCAT Japanese Capacity Building Fund for an internship at the Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA).

Funding

FM was supported by a Doctoral grant from Agencia Nacional de Innovación e Investigación (ANII, ref: POS_NAC_2017_1_141427) and Comisión Académica de Posgrado (CAP). FM benefited from the financial support from the ICCAT Japanese Capacity Building Fund for an internship at the Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA).

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Conceptualization: FM, EC, RC, OD, PM, AD; Data curation: FM, PM, SG; Formal analysis: FM; Visualization: FM; Writing – original draft: FM; Writing—review & editing: FM, EC, RC, OD, PM, JC, SG, AD; Resources: AD, EC, JC. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Federico Mas.

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One of the co-authors, JC, is an associate editor of Marine Biology journal. There were no conflicts of interest during the submission, revision, and publication process. The remaining authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

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Animal manipulation and tagging was performed by the National Directorate of Aquatic Resources (DINARA), which is registered in the National Commission of Animal Experimentation (CNEA, https://www.cnea.gub.uy).

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Mas, F., Cortés, E., Coelho, R. et al. Blue shark (Prionace glauca) movements, habitat use, and vertical overlap with longline fishing gears in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Mar Biol 171, 106 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-024-04421-6

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