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Biological traits as determinants in the macroecological patterns of distribution in loliginid squids

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Abstract

Macroecological studies have primarily focused on investigating the relationships between body size and geographic distribution on large scales, including regional, continental, and even global levels. While the majority of these studies have been conducted on terrestrial species, a limited number of studies have been carried out on aquatic species, and even fewer have considered the importance of phylogeny in the observed patterns. Cephalopods provide a good model for examining these macroecological patterns due to their large geographic and bathymetric ranges, wide range of body sizes, as well as diverse fin sizes and shapes. In this study, we assess the relationships between mantle length, fin size, and hatchling size with the geographic and bathymetric distribution of 30 squid species from the worldwide distributed family Loliginidae. To test a macroecological hypothesis, we evaluated the phylogenetic signal and correlated evolution to assess the role of biological traits in squid distribution, using a molecular phylogeny based on two mitochondrial and one nuclear genes. Biological traits (mantle length and fin size) exhibit high phylogenetic signals, while distribution demonstrates low signal. The correlation analyses revealed the existence of a relationship between adult mantle length and fin size with geographic and bathymetric distribution, but not with hatchling size. The geographic distribution of loliginid squids evolved in relation to mantle length, where larger squids with large fins (e.g. Sepioteuthis) have wide distributions, while small-finned species (e.g. Pickfordiateuthis) have narrow distributions. This study paves the way for exploring similar relationships in other squid families or other marine swimming animals.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Francisco Rocha for the comments on the initial stages of the manuscript.

Funding

CMI acknowledges funding grant REG UNAB 04-2020. JBLS thanks Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas from UFPA for the project support number 041/2020/ICB/UFPA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile

    Christian M. Ibáñez & Carolina Márquez-Gajardo

  2. Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidade de Vigo y Centro de Investigación Mariña, Vigo, Spain

    Amanda Luna

  3. Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile

    Felipe I. Torres

  4. Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Biodiversidad y Biorecursos, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile

    Felipe I. Torres

  5. Data Observatory Foundation, ANID Technology Center No, DO210001, Santiago, Chile

    Felipe I. Torres

  6. Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago, Chile

    Felipe I. Torres

  7. Integrated Biological Research Group, Center for Advanced Biodiversity Studies (CEABIO), Federal University of Pará, Av. Perimetral, 01, PCT-Guamá, Land 11. CEP, Belém, PA, 66075-750, Brazil

    Joao Bráullio L. Sales

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Contributions

CMI and CM-G were involved in conceptualization, compiled data, methodology, formal analysis, writing—original draft, and review and editing. FIT, AL, and JBLS were involved in conceptualization and writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Christian M. Ibáñez.

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Ethical review and approval were not required for this study because this work does not contain any experimental studies with live animals. Biological, distributional data, as well as sequences, were taken from open sources (i.e. GenBank, FAO books). This study did not need ethical approval since it was based on literature review and published information.

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Ibáñez, C.M., Luna, A., Márquez-Gajardo, C. et al. Biological traits as determinants in the macroecological patterns of distribution in loliginid squids. Mar Biol 170, 133 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-023-04286-1

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