Abstract
The deep-sea precious red coral Hemicorallium laauense has long been overharvested in the North Pacific for the jewelry and curio trades. An understanding of the population structure and connectivity of these octocorals has been limited due to the difficulty of sampling and taxonomic challenges within the Family Coralliidae. We report on population genetics of 270 H. laauense individuals from 16 populations throughout the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) and the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) using nine microsatellite loci. Observed heterozygosity (0.69–0.85) was generally lower than expected heterozygosity (0.71–0.85) except for the population at Twin Banks. Moderate FIS values (0.01–0.20) were present in nearly half of the populations. Global G’ST (0.166) and pairwise values were moderate to high ( – 0.003 to 0.489). G’ST values also show moderate genetic structuring among populations within seamounts (0.12–0.22) for populations separated by as little as 3 km. DAPC indicated separation of the MHI from the NWHI, but two NWHI sites fall into the MHI clusters and samples from Ka’ena Point (an MHI site) appear to form their own cluster. Membership assignments showed moderate admixture between some locations, while three locations showed almost no admixture. Within-seamount admixture was surprisingly limited for populations on the same seamount. A pattern of isolation by distance, with exchange primarily among adjacent seamounts, was supported by MIGRATE results but not by Mantel tests. These results suggest a mixed pattern of connectivity, with some distant locations well connected and others more isolated. The inconsistent connectivity of these corals is likely amplified by their patchy distributions.
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Data availability
Raw fragment length data, compiled fragment length analyses, and associated metadata have been uploaded to the Dryad data repository and can be found at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qjq2bvqk7.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the pilots and crew members of the Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory Pisces IV and Pisces V submersibles, the crew members of the R/V Ka’imikai-O-Kanaloa, and the volunteers at sea who helped collect samples: Arvind Shantharam, Kelci Miller, Beatriz Mejia Mercado, Allison Metcalf, Kelly Klein, Savannah Goode, Jessie Perelman, Ellen Bartow-Gillies, Danielle Schimmenti, Travis Ferguson, Ann Tarrant and T.M. Shaun Johnston. Frank Parrish and Rick Grigg provided a portion of the specimens for this study from their collections on shared cruises.
Funding
Specimen collections were funded by grants to ARB from HURL grants awarded in 1998 – 2002 and 2011, Hawaii Sea Grant awarded in 2002, OE HI grants NA03OAR4600108, NA03OAR4600110, and NA04OAR460007, and NSF grant numbers OCE-1334652 to ARB and OCE-1334675 to E. Brendan Roark.
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All authors have agreed to be listed and approved the submitted version of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript and performed laboratory work, ARB designed the research, and NBM performed data analysis. This manuscript is an original work and has not been published and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. We have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
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Morgan, N.B., Andrews, J. & Baco, A.R. Population genetic structure of the deep-sea precious red coral Hemicorallium laauense along the Hawaiian Ridge. Mar Biol 170, 150 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-023-04282-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-023-04282-5