Abstract
Littorinids, such as Littoraria flava, are attractive models for local adaptation studies in the rocky shore intertidal zone. The wide heterogeneity of the rocky shore might play a role shaping the evolution of communities distributed in its many micro environments. We extracted the L. flava mitogenome using RNA-seq reads, followed by selection tests at coding gene level using 69 Caenogastropoda species. Here, we present L. flava partial mitogenome with 15,807 bp and 13 PCGs, 21 tRNAs and two rRNAs. Using this new matrix, we produced the most comprehensive mitogenome phylogeny of Caenogastropoda, where we were able to recover the monophyly of Architaenioglossa, Cerithimorpha and Latrogastropoda. The phylogenetic reconstruction shows Littorinimorpha as paraphyletic, supporting that the Vermetidae classification should be re-evaluated. Littoraria flava presents a fragment of nd1 gene duplicated and three tRNAs not presenting the expected cloverleaf structure. We detected positive selection in a phosphoserine codon in nd2 gene from individuals living closer to the ocean, suggesting a hypoxia stress response. Conversely, cytb, cox1, nd1, nd4 and nd6 were under purifying selection and no correlation with the distance to ocean was observed. Our findings corroborate previous studies on evidence of local adaptation at a microscale distribution where few meters may require precise adjustments in energy metabolism, due to the determinant tide influence.
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Data availability
The data generated and analyzed during this study are available at GenBank under the accession numbers OL679281 (total mitogenome), and OL894947—OL894956 (10 collecting points).
Change history
29 September 2022
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-022-04113-z
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Thainá Cortez, Cecili Mendes, and the CEBIMAR-USP (Centro de Biologia Marinha) staff for helping and support during the sampling; the Centro de Genômica Funcional do Laboratório de Biotecnologia Animal (ESALQ-USP), Piracicaba-SP, Brazil, for the sequencing service; Darwin server’ administrators for all the assistance.
Funding
This work was supported by Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) [Process 2015/20139–9] and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) [Process 155636/2018–9].
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CAS and SCSA contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and analysis were performed by CAS, FOB and SCSA. The first draft of the manuscript was written by CAS and SCSA and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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The authors declare that sampling of specimens was performed in the respect of ethical rules and Brazilian laws. All samplings were authorized by the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMbio, n. 56726–1, 2016).
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Santos, C.A., Bezerra, F.O. & Andrade, S.C.S. Littoraria flava (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) mitogenome: phylogenetic considerations within the Caenogastropoda and evidence of microscale local adaptation. Mar Biol 169, 121 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-022-04108-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-022-04108-w