Abstract
Multiscale processes through dynamic boundaries drive the local contributions (LCBD; uniqueness in species composition and abundance) and species contributions (SCBD; individual species abundance variation) to fish beta diversity in coastal seascapes. We partitioned LCBD into LCBDRepl (replacement) and LCBDAbDiff (abundance difference), and used model-based approaches to investigate whether seascape size influences environmental and spatial drivers of LCBD, and effects of species (distribution, prevalence, and coastal dependence) on SCBD. Three large bays (bay level) and three zones per bay (zone level), southeastern Brazil, were seascape models during 1 year. At the bay level, more locations had higher LCBD, related to species composition, lower water transparency, and much less to flood/high tides and higher number of estuaries. LCBDRepl was also prevalent and stronger positive effects of transparency and mangrove cover reinforced the importance of environmental filtering and alternative habitats driving local contributions to replacement processes in larger seascapes. Species richness influenced positively LCBD primarily at the zone level, and negative effects of vegetal cover and primarily human settlements suggested species loss under lower heterogeneity. Also, more similar LCBDRepl and LCBDAbDiff evidenced the increasing local contributions to abundance differences in smaller species pools. At both levels, larger- and finer-scale spatial effects evidenced possible influences of dispersal and biotic interactions, respectively, on LCBDRepl and LCBDAbDiff. SCBD was positively related to species prevalence at locations and distribution at both levels. Therefore, multiscale mechanisms dependent and irrespective of seascape size support the critical importance of habitat availability, complexity, and variety to beta diversity of coastal fishes.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to several students at the Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes (UFRRJ) for field sampling and fish identification, especially to Rafaela de Sousa Gomes-Gonçalves, Fernanda Silva de Aguiar, Tailan Moretti Mattos and Wagner Uehara. We also thank the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), the Secretaria de Estado do Ambiente do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (SEA-RJ), and the Instituto Estadual do Ambiente do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (INEA) for providing the vectorial layers for GIS analyses. We thank the reviewers.
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This work was supported by a compensatory measure established by the Term of Adjustment of Conduct of responsibility of PetroRio, conducted by the Ministério Público Federal-MPF/RJ, with implementation of the Fundo Brasileiro para a Biodiversidade–FUNBIO (Grant #16/2017 to FGA). Grants for EMC were provided by the Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – FAPERJ (PDR10 E-26/201.929/2020 and E-26/201.930/2020).
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EMC and FGA conceived the study and defined the relevant data set. EMC performed the statistical analyses and wrote the paper. MFA, TPF, LMN and LNS performed and/or coordinated sampling and laboratory procedures. All authors approved the final manuscript for publication.
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Camara, E.M., de Andrade-Tubino, M.F., Franco, T.P. et al. Multiscale mechanisms underpin the ecological uniqueness of local fish assemblages in tropical coastal seascapes. Mar Biol 169, 17 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-021-04007-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-021-04007-6