Abstract
Salt tolerance reflects ecophysiological adaptation, and the wide-ranging distribution of the Brachyura mirrors their ability to adjust body fluid concentrations. The gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase underpins such hyper/hypo-regulatory mechanisms. We evaluate osmotic and chloride regulation in Callinectes danae after 10 days acclimation to a wide salinity range (5–50 ‰S), accompanying alterations in hemolymph osmolality and [Cl−] during hypo- (15 ‰S) or hyper- (45 ‰S) osmotic challenge. Further, we investigate posterior gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase kinetics, α-subunit immunolocalization and its mRNA and protein expression (15, 30 and 40 or 45 ‰S). The crab is a moderate, asymmetrical hyper/hypo-osmoregulator but is a strong, asymmetrical hyper/hypo-chloride regulator. Hyper-regulation at low salinity is sustained by a threefold increase in (Na+, K+)-ATPase activity, a 3.5-fold increase in α-subunit mRNA expression and 1.6-fold increase in protein expression. α-Subunit signal is highest in 15 ‰S-acclimated crabs, and is uniformly distributed throughout the ionocytes and pillar cells. Activity in 30- and 40% S-acclimated crabs is similar. Affinity for ATP and Na+ increases on high salinity acclimation but decreases for ouabain. K+ apparent affinity is independent of salinity, while that for Mg2+ decreases and for NH4+ increases with increasing salinity. A high-affinity ATP-binding site disappears on acclimation at any salinity. FOF1- and Na+- or K+-ATPase activities decrease with increased salinity. Hemolymph chloride hypo-regulation depends little on gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase activity. Hyper-, and hypo-osmotic and ionic regulatory capabilities in C. danae are intricate physiological processes underpinned by multifarious gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase kinetics and altered mRNA and protein expressions.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
JCM and CDA are grateful to the Centro de Biologia Marinha, USP for access to laboratory facilities (Project #687), and thank the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Ministério do Meio Ambiente (permit #29594-9), and CGREP/IBAMA (02027.002342/98-04, permit #012/2007) for authorizing crab collections. This study derives in part from an undergraduate monograph presented by CDA to the Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, USP. FAL is grateful for support from the Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para Adaptações da Biota Aquática da Amazônia (INCT-ADAPTA II) and the Rede de Camarão da Amazônia.
Funding
This investigation was financed by research grants from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP 2007/04870-9, 2013/22625-1, 2015/00131-3 and 2016/25336-0), Conselho de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq 445078/2014-6 and 458246/2014-0) and in part by INCT ADAPTA II (CNPq 465540/2014-7) and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM 062.1187/2017). FAL (302072/2019-7) and JCM (303613/2017-3) received Excellence in Research scholarships from CNPq. CDA received a research scholarship from FAPESP (2007/50216-9), ROF from CNPq (400920/2015-8), MRP from CNPq (159886/2010-4) and LMF from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Finance code 001).
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All authors contributed to the conception and design of the study. Preparation of biological material, data collection and data analyses were performed by CDA, CMM, LMF, MRP, ROF, JCM, FAL and DPG. FAL, JCM, and DPG wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors contributed to subsequent versions and read and approved the final manuscript.
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This investigation complies with all local, state, federal and international guidelines as regards the use of invertebrate animals in scientific research.
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Garçon, D.P., Leone, F.A., Faleiros, R.O. et al. Osmotic and ionic regulation, and kinetic characteristics of a posterior gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase from the blue crab Callinectes danae on acclimation to salinity challenge. Mar Biol 168, 79 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-021-03882-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-021-03882-3