Thermal performance of the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis (Linnaeus, 1758)—explaining ecological findings under climate change

Eymann, Charlotte; Götze, Sandra; Bock, Christian; Guderley, Helga; Knoll, Andrew H.; Lannig, Gisela; Sokolova, Inna M.; Aberhan, Martin; Pörtner, Hans-O.

doi:10.1007/s00227-019-3620-3

Original Paper
Published: 09 January 2020

Thermal performance of the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis (Linnaeus, 1758)—explaining ecological findings under climate change

Charlotte Eymann¹^na1,
Sandra Götze¹^na1,
Christian Bock¹,
Helga Guderley²,
Andrew H. Knoll³,
Gisela Lannig¹,
Inna M. Sokolova⁴,
Martin Aberhan⁵ &
Hans-O. Pörtner ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-6535-6575¹

Marine Biology volume 167, Article number: 17 (2020) Cite this article

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Abstract

Climate change challenges marine organisms by constraining their temperature-dependent scope for performance, fitness, and survival. According to the concept of Oxygen and Capacity Limited Thermal Tolerance (OCLTT), the overall thermal performance curve relates to an organism’s aerobic power budget, its overall aerobic scope for growth, exercise, reproduction, and other performances. We hypothesize that physiological principles shaping tolerance in extant ecosystems have also been operative during climatic changes in the distant past. To compare response patterns in extant fauna and their palaeo-relatives, we started here by studying the metabolic background of performance in the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis at organismic and cellular levels, focusing on the acute thermal window and the metabolic changes towards upper lethal temperatures. We investigated the response of the oysters (pre-acclimated at 12 °C) to a short-term warming protocol (by 2 °C every 48 h) from 14 to 36 °C which we identified as the lethal temperature. At the organismic level, heart and filtration rates were recorded. Gill metabolites were studied by ¹H NMR spectroscopy to address thermal responses at the cellular level. Feeding activity by O. edulis (assessed by the filtration rates) was highest between 18 and 24 °C when overall energy expenditure (indicated by heart rate as a proxy for routine metabolic rate) was moderate. We conclude that this range reflects the thermal optimum of this species. Beyond 26 °C, the gill tissue of O. edulis became partly anaerobic, and cardiac dysfunction (arrhythmia) developed at 28 °C followed by an Arrhenius break point (30 °C). This mirrors performance constraints and indicates a wide temperature range of passive tolerance which may be a long-standing characteristic of ostreids supporting survival in extreme environments as well as during past and present climate oscillations.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG Po278/16-1) and is embedded in the Research Unit TERSANE (FOR 2332: Temperature‐related stressors as a unifying principle in ancient extinctions). We thank I. Ketelsen, F. Feliz Moraleda, and R. Gorniak for technical support and assistance during the exposures and animal care. Furthermore, we want to thank the section Marine BioGeoScience, in particular S. Trimborn, A. Terbrüggen and T. Brenneis for providing access to the Coulter Counter and the Observer microscope. We thank the Biological station of Toralla (ECIMAT, Spain), in particular A.Villanueva and D. Costas for support in animal supply.

Author information

Charlotte Eymann and Sandra Götze were the lead authors contributing equally to this paper.

Authors and Affiliations

Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27515, Bremerhaven, Germany
Charlotte Eymann, Sandra Götze, Christian Bock, Gisela Lannig & Hans-O. Pörtner
Department of Biology, Institut de Biologie Integrative et des Systemes, 1030 Avenue de la Medecine Universite Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
Helga Guderley
Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
Andrew H. Knoll
Marine Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
Inna M. Sokolova
Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, 10115, Berlin, Germany
Martin Aberhan

Authors

Charlotte Eymann
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Sandra Götze
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Christian Bock
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Helga Guderley
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Andrew H. Knoll
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Gisela Lannig
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Inna M. Sokolova
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Martin Aberhan
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Hans-O. Pörtner
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hans-O. Pörtner.

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This study was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG Po278/16-1).

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Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

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Eymann, C., Götze, S., Bock, C. et al. Thermal performance of the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis (Linnaeus, 1758)—explaining ecological findings under climate change. Mar Biol 167, 17 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-019-3620-3

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Received: 20 April 2019
Accepted: 06 November 2019
Published: 09 January 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-019-3620-3