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Drifting in the oceans: Isarachnanthus nocturnus (Cnidaria, Ceriantharia, Arachnactidae), an anthozoan with an extended planktonic stage

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Abstract

The life cycles of many marine taxa are still unknown, especially those species with indirect development and long-lived larval stages. Life cycles of cnidarians are relatively well known for most groups except Ceriantharia. This taxon presents taxonomic problems stemming from the lack of association between planktonic larval forms, often described as distinct species, with the corresponding adult benthic stages. Our study focused on the development of larvae with peculiar external morphology that could be linked to a described species established from adult specimens. Through cultivation of these larvae to juveniles with adult-like morphology and also with the use of DNA barcoding, it was possible to link the stages observed to a known species, Isarachnanthus nocturnus. Based on life span of the larva in the plankton (63–118 days), the larvae could potentially drift for about 2000–4000 km along the coast. Because rearing larvae in the laboratory may be complex and time-consuming and also because morphological data may have limited distinguishing power for specific identification of larvae collected in the field, we suggest and discuss the use of DNA barcoding as a tool to connect life stages of species of cerianthids and invertebrates in general.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the Center for Marine Biology of the University of São Paulo (CEBIMar-USP) for providing laboratory and technical support. This study was partly supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP 2010/50174-7 to ACM; FAPESP 2012/01771-8 to SNS; and FAPESP 2012/21583-1 to AEM), and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq 481549/2102-9 to SNS, 301039/2013-5 and 476339/2013-8 to ACM, and 306568/2009-8 to AEM). SNS was supported by CAPES (Coordinating Agency for Advanced Training of Graduate Personnel) through the Postgraduate Program in Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, USP, IBUSP. This is a contribution of the NP-BioMar, USP.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Assis, Unesp - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Assis, Av. Dom Antonio, 2100, Assis, 19806-900, Brazil

    Sérgio N. Stampar

  2. Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, no. 101, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil

    André C. Morandini & Fábio Lang da Silveira

  3. Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, Rodovia Manoel Hipólito do Rego, km. 131,5 - Praia do Cabelo Gordo, São Sebastião, SP, 11600-000, Brazil

    Laura C. Branco & Alvaro E. Migotto

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  1. Sérgio N. Stampar
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  2. André C. Morandini
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  3. Laura C. Branco
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  4. Fábio Lang da Silveira
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  5. Alvaro E. Migotto
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Correspondence to Sérgio N. Stampar.

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Responsible Editor: J. Purcell.

Reviewed by B. Picton, J. D. Reimer.

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Stampar, S.N., Morandini, A.C., Branco, L.C. et al. Drifting in the oceans: Isarachnanthus nocturnus (Cnidaria, Ceriantharia, Arachnactidae), an anthozoan with an extended planktonic stage. Mar Biol 162, 2161–2169 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-015-2747-0

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