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Spatial distribution patterns of the soft corals Alcyonium acaule and Alcyonium palmatum in coastal bottoms (Cap de Creus, northwestern Mediterranean Sea)

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Abstract

Current knowledge on the abundance and distribution patterns of different soft coral species is relatively limited when compared to other benthic suspension feeders such as gorgonians and hard coral species. To overcome this scarcity of information, the distribution patterns of the soft corals Alcyonium acaule and Alcyonium palmatum were investigated in northwestern Mediterranean benthic communities over a wide geographical (60 km of coastline) and bathymetrical (0–70 m depth) extent using a remotely operated vehicle. A. acaule was the most abundant species in the study area with highest recorded density of 18 col m−2 found at depths of 35–45 m in areas that are directly exposed to strong near-bottom currents. Conversely, A. palmatum was only found as scattered solitary colonies at greater depths in soft bottoms, with maximum density of 2.4 col m−2. Medium and large colonies of A. acaule were preferentially found on sloping and vertical rocky bottoms where they form dense patches. High-density patches of A. acaule were preferentially found on vertical rocky bottom, while isolated colonies were preferentially observed on coralligenous substrata as well as on flat soft and maërl substrates. A. acaule biomass distribution showed highest values between 40 and 45 m depth, and between 60 and 65 m depth. This suggests that deeper populations are formed by colonies that are bigger than the equivalent shallower ones. Although both species are almost genetically identical, ecologically they are very different. For this reason, conservation plans should consider the differential ecological traits shown by these two soft coral species.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank S. Requena and A. Purroy for their help with the software ARCGIS. A. Gori has been financed by a I3P contract of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Ref. I3P-BPD2005), S. Rossi by a Ramón y Cajal contract (RyC-2007-01327), and M. Greenacre’s research has been partially supported by the BBVA Foundation in Madrid and Spanish Ministry of Education and Competitiveness Grant MTM2012-37195. This work is part of the 2003–2004 INTERREG project between Catalonia-Languedoc Rouissillon ‘‘Pirineus Mediterrànis: La muntanya que uneix’’ of the CSIC and CNRS and LIFE+INDEMARES project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain

    Stefano Ambroso, Andrea Gori, Carlos Dominguez-Carrió, Josep-Maria Gili & Núria Teixidó

  2. Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB Campus Cn s/n, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain

    Elisa Berganzo

  3. Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and Barcelona Graduate School of Economics, Ramon Trias Fargas 25-27, 08005, Barcelona, Spain

    Michael Greenacre

  4. Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB Campus Cn s/n, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain

    Sergio Rossi

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  1. Stefano Ambroso
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Ambroso, S., Gori, A., Dominguez-Carrió, C. et al. Spatial distribution patterns of the soft corals Alcyonium acaule and Alcyonium palmatum in coastal bottoms (Cap de Creus, northwestern Mediterranean Sea). Mar Biol 160, 3059–3070 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2295-4

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