Abstract
Bleaching of corals results from the loss of their symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) and/or pigments. The supply of photoassimilates provided by the zooxanthellae to the coral declines during bleaching and reduces the ability to activate energy-costly processes such as maintenance, growth and reproduction. In the present study we compared the competitive outcomes, expressed as overgrowth and changes in colony sizes of Oculina patagonica (an encrusting Mediterranean stony coral) and the bryozoan Watersipora sp., growing in contact with each other, during and between bleaching events. Year-round observations of tagged colonies showed alternating competitive outcomes: O. patagonica wins over Watersipora sp. between bleaching events, but loses during bleaching events. Using the 14C-point-labeling technique on coral tissue, we examined intra-colonial translocation of photosynthetic products from the point-tissue labeling towards interaction zones. In non-bleached O. patagonica, competition resulted in preferentially oriented translocation of 14C products to the interaction zone located up to 8 cm away from the tissue-labeling site. Sites opposite the interaction zone received significantly less labeled photoassimilates compared to the interaction zone. In bleached colonies (40–85% bleached surface area), such translocation did not occur, probably explaining the failure to compete with the encrusting neighbor Watersipora sp. Our findings demonstrate the importance of colonial integration and resource orientation for the competitive superiority of O. patagonica.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to N. Paz for her editorial assistance and to O. Mokady for valuable remarks on an earlier version of this manuscript. This research was supported by the Raynor Chair for Environmental Conservation Research to Y.L. and the Rieger Fellowship to M.F. All sampling and experiments carried out during this study comply with the laws for protection of nature of the State of Israel and were carried out under special permits from the Nature Reserve Authorities.
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Communicated by O. Kinne, Oldendorf/Luhe
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Fine, M., Loya, Y. Alternate coral–bryozoan competitive superiority during coral bleaching. Marine Biology 142, 989–996 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-002-0982-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-002-0982-7