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Efficient removal of extractives from wood using an ultrasound-activated persulfate treatment strategy

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Abstract

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have a detrimental effect on human health and environments. Wood is rich in extractives and volatile oils, which release VOCs and unpleasant odors, and its degradation remains a significant challenge. To effectively remove wood VOCs, this study proposes a degradation treatment strategy based on the theory of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), which is designed to use the cavitation effect of ultrasound (US) to activate persulfate (PS) and generate sulfate radicals (\({\text{SO}}_{{4}}^{ - } \cdot\)) under the synergy of ultrasonic wave desorption and free radical (\({ }\cdot{\text{OH}}\)) effects. Various controlling factors, including different PS concentrations, ultrasonic powers, and pH values, were evaluated. Using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (HS-SPME/GC–MS), the analysis results of the degradation products of VOCs indicated that the removal rate of wood powder by the US-activated PS (US/PS system) was 83.64%. Moreover, the acidic condition and higher ultrasonic power facilitated the VOCs removal. In addition, the analysis by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) revealed that \({\text{SO}}_{{4}}^{ - } \cdot\) and \({ }\cdot{\text{OH}}\) were generated by the US cavitation effect. The degradation mechanism of the US/PS system was also investigated. The results of this work provide a new insight into the application of AOPs to remove VOCs in wood.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project 51779005/E090301) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (NO. 2016ZCQ01). We also thank the referees for their valuable suggestions and comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China

    Yulin Shen, Jilin Wang, Yutong Lu, Liuting Mo, Shujun Zhao & Shifeng Zhang

  2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China

    Yulin Shen, Jilin Wang, Yutong Lu, Liuting Mo, Shujun Zhao & Shifeng Zhang

  3. Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China

    Fei Qi

  4. Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China

    Anmin Huang

  5. Mechanical and Energy Engineering Department, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76201, USA

    Liping Cai

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  1. Yulin Shen
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Shen, Y., Wang, J., Lu, Y. et al. Efficient removal of extractives from wood using an ultrasound-activated persulfate treatment strategy. Wood Sci Technol 56, 171–186 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-021-01343-0

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