Abstract
The use of fast-growing wood can reduce the environmental impact of the wood industry, but the low strength and flammability of these woods prevent their widespread application. Chinese fir not only has the general defect of fast-growing wood, but also has weak permeability due to aspirated pits. To improve its performance, environment-friendly modifier sodium silicate (SS) and WEP (waterborne epoxide resin) as the dipping solution, microwave pretreatment and multi-step emptying-pressure (MSEP) impregnation method were employed to prepare hybrid-modified wood. Microwave pretreatment was found to destroy pit membranes of Chinese fir and increase permeability. WEP addition reduced the wood’s -OH content and promoted formation of more Si–O–Si structures, while also forming a fusiform hybrid structure with SS through Si–O–C bonds. The mechanical properties and water resistance of SS/WEPW (hybrid-modified wood) were higher than those modified by SS alone. The bending strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength, and transverse, tangential, and radial hardness of SS/WEPW5% (5% WEP) reached 97.20, 8504.87, 57.73, 5113.50, 2536.37, and 2192.35 MPa, respectively. The water resistance performance was also significantly improved. Compared with SSW, the 7-day weight leaching ratio (WLR) and water absorption rate (WAR) were reduced by 49.26 and 11.09, respectively, and the 14-day anti-shrink efficiency (ASE) of SS/WEPW5% can reach 86.87%. Furthermore, the flame retardant and smoke suppression performances of hybrid-modified wood were also improved, with the heat release rate (HRR), smoke produce rate (SPR), mean carbon monoxide yield (mean COY), and mean carbon dioxide yield (mean CO2Y) of SS/WEPW5% significantly lower and the peak of CO and CO2 release almost 1/10th that of unmodified wood. SS/WEP hybrid-modified wood was improved in terms of mechanical properties, water resistance performance, and flame retardancy, which laid the foundation of its use as a high-performance wooden material.
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31770606), Hunan Provincial Technical Innovation Platform and Talent Program in Science and Technology, PR China (2019S2040) and Science and Technology Innovation Project for Postgraduates of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, PR China (CX20202020).
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Sun, Z., Lv, J., Wang, Z. et al. Sodium silicate/waterborne epoxy resin hybrid-modified Chinese fir wood. Wood Sci Technol 55, 837–855 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-021-01287-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-021-01287-5