Abstract
Simul wood (Salmalia malabarica) was chemically modified by treatment with styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), and organically modified nanoclay. The physical properties of wood polymer composites (WPC) were improved due to the addition of GMA and nanoclay. XRD analysis indicated a decrease in crystallinity in WPC. FTIR study confirmed the presence of clay in WPC. The presence of clay in cell lumen and cell wall was evidenced by SEM study. WPC containing lower percentage of clay showed better thermal stability compared to WPC loaded with higher percentage of clay.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexandre M, Dubois P (2000) Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials. Mat Sci Eng R 28(1/2):1–63
Bourbigot S, Vanderhart DL, Gilman JW, Bellayer S, Stretz H, Paul DR (2004) Solid state NMR characterization and flammability of styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer montmorillonite nanocomposite. Polymer 45:7627–7638
Cai X, Riedl B, Zhang SY, Wan H (2007) Formation and properties of nanocomposites made up form solid aspen wood, melamine-ureaformaldehyde, and clay. Holzforschung 61:148–154
Cai X, Zhang SY, Wan H (2008) The impact of the nature of nanofillers on the performance of wood polymer nanocomposites. Compos Part A: Applied Science and Engineering 39:727–737
Cai X, Bernard R, Wan H, Zhang SY, Wang X (2010) A study on the curing and viscoelastic characteristics of melamine—urea–formaldehyde resin in the presence of aluminium silicate nanoclays. Compos Part A: Applied Science and Engineering 41(5):604–611
Desai RL, Juneja SC (1972) Weatherometer studies on wood-plastic composites. Forest Prod J 22(9):100–103
Devi RR, Maji TK (2008) Chemical modification of rubber wood with styrene and glycidyl methacrylate. Polym Compos 29(11):1258–1261
Devi RR, Maji TK, Banerjee AN (2004) Studies on dimensional stability and thermal properties of rubber wood chemically modified with styrene and glyidyl methacrylate. J Appl Polym Sci 93:1938–1945
Fang GZ, Li SJ, Liu JW (1999) Study of modifying Populus ussuriensis wood with PF resin of low molecular weight. China Wood Ind 13(5):17–19 (in Chinese)
Furuno T, Imamura Y, Kajita H (2004) The modification of wood by treatment with low molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde resin: a properties enhancement with neutralized phenolic-resin and resin penetration into wood cell walls. Wood Sci Technol 37:349–361
Li Q, Lin WW, Song CF (2002) Preparation, characteristics and application of polymer matrix nanocomposites. Mater Sci Eng 20((1):108–110 67
Lu WH, Zhao GJ, Xue ZH (2006) Preparation and characterization of wood/montmorillonite nanocomposites. For Stud in China 8(1):35–40
Makshima RD, Gaidukors S, Zicans J, Kalnins M, Plume E, Spacek V, Sviglerova P (2006) Nanocomposite based on a styrene Acrylate copolymer and organically modified montmorrilonite and mechanical properties. Mech Compos Mater 42((3):375–388
Ogiso K, Saka S (1994) Wood-inorganic composites prepared by the sol-gel process IV: effects of chemical bends between wood and inorganic substances on property enhancement. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 40(10):1100–1106
Saka S, Tanno F (1996) Wood-inorganic composites prepared by the sol-gel process VII: effects of a property-enhance on fire-resistance in SiO2–P2O5 and SiO2–B2O3 wood-inorganic composites. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 42(1):81–86
Shah AP, Gupta RK, Ganga Rao HVS, Powel CE (2002) Moisture diffusion through vinyl ester nanocomposites made with montmorillonite clay. Polym Eng Sci 42:1852–1863
Shane BE, Gary RD, Loo TN (1995) Effects of coupling agent on the physical properties of wood-polymer composites. J Mater Process Technol 48:365–372
Shen XL, Lu X, Sun J, Chen HY, Chen LF (2005) Study of modifying fast growing Cunninghamia lanceolata with the natural organic matter. J Fujian For Sci Tech 32(2):10–12 (in Chinese)
Simpson W, TenWolde A (1999) Physical properties and moisture relations of wood. In: Wood handbook: wood as an engineering material, general technical report FPL- GTR-113, Madison, WI: USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory
Sundarrajan S, Kishore K, Ganesh K (2001) A new polymeric flame retardant additive for vinyl polymers. Indian J Chem 40A:41–45
Takeshi F, Tohru U (1993) Combination of wood and silicate III: some properties of wood-mineral composites using the water glass-boron compound system. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 39(5):561–570
Takeshi F, Tohru U, Susumu J (1991) Combination of wood and silicateI: impregnation by water glass and application of aluminum sulphate and calcium chloride as reactants. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 37(5):462–472
Takeshi F, Kwnta S, Tohru U (1992) Combination of wood and silicate II: wood-mineral composites using water glass and reactants of barium chloride, boric acid, and borax, and their properties. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 38(5):448–457
Yap MGS, Que YT, Chia LH (1991) FTIR Characterization of Tropical Wood-polymer composites. J Appl Polym Sci 43:2087–2090
Zhang J, Jiang DD, Wilkie CA (2006) Fire properties of styrenic polymer–clay nanocomposites based on an oligomerically-modified clay. Polym Degrad Stabl 91(2):358–366
Zhang Y, Jin J, Wang S (2007) Effects of resin and wax on the water uptake behavior of wood strands. Wood Fibre Sci 39(2):271–278
Zhao G, Lu WH (2008) Structure and characterization of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood/MMT intercalation nanocomposite (WMNC). Front For China 3(1):121–126
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Devi, R.R., Maji, T.K. Chemical modification of simul wood with styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer and organically modified nanoclay. Wood Sci Technol 46, 299–315 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-011-0406-2
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-011-0406-2