Abstract
Menopause is associated with bone loss. Prebiotics increase Ca, inorganic phosphorus (Pi), and Mg absorption, improving bone health. These increases would supply an extra amount of minerals, decreasing bone resorption and possibly reversing ovariectomy-induced bone loss. The present experimental study sought to evaluate the effect of adding a prebiotic GOS/FOS® mixture to a normal or a low Ca diet on Ca, Pi, and Mg absorption, in osteopenic rats. Four groups of n = 8 rats each were OVX, and 8 rats were SHAM operated. All rats were fed a commercial diet for 45 days. They were then fed one of the following diet for 45 days: C-0.5%: SHAM fed AIN 93 M containing 0.5%Ca; O-0.5% and O-0.3%: OVX rats fed AIN 93 M, containing 0.5% or 0.3%Ca, respectively; GF-0.5% and GF-0.3%: OVX rats fed AIN 93 M, containing 0.5% or 0.3%Ca+ 2.5% GOS/FOS®, respectively. At the end of the experimental time point, Ca, P, and MgAbs% was significantly higher in GF-0.5% and GF-0.3% as compared to the remaining groups (p < 0.01). Irrespective of diet Ca content, CTX decreased whereas femur Ca and P content, tibia BV/TV and GPC.Th, lumbar spine and proximal tibia BMD, bone strength, bone stiffness, and elastic modulus increased in the GF-0.5% and GF-0.3% groups as compared to O-0.5% and O-0.3%, respectively (p < 0.05). This prebiotic mixture would be a useful tool to prevent the increase in bone loss associated with menopause and aging.
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Abbreviations
- OVX:
-
Ovariectomized
- SHAM:
-
Simulated operation
- EGP:
-
Epiphyseal growth plate
- Pi:
-
Inorganic phosphorus
- CaI:
-
Calcium intake
- NDFO:
-
Non-digestible fructo-oligosaccharides
- GOS:
-
Galacto-oligosaccharides
- FOS:
-
Long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides
- AIN:
-
American Institute of Nutrition
- NCa:
-
Normal Ca content diet
- LCa:
-
Low Ca content diet
- GF groups:
-
GOS/FOS groups
- O groups:
-
Ovariectomized groups
- BW:
-
Body weight
- CO2 :
-
Oxygen dioxide
- LS:
-
Lactobacillus
- CFU:
-
Colony forming units
- I:
-
Food intake
- F:
-
Feces
- Abs:
-
Apparent mineral absorption
- Mg:
-
Magnesium
- HCl:
-
Hydrochloric acid
- HNO3 :
-
Nitric acid
- CTX:
-
C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I
- BAP:
-
Bone alkaline phosphatase
- tsBMC:
-
Total skeleton bone mineral content
- tsBMD:
-
Total skeleton bone mineral density
- DXA:
-
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
- CV:
-
Coefficients of variation
- ROI:
-
Region of interest
- EDTA:
-
Ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid
- BV/TV:
-
Bone volume fraction
- GPC.Th:
-
Total width of epiphyseal cartilage
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank technicians Ricardo Orzuza and Julia Somoza for their technical assistance.
Funding
This study was supported by the University of Buenos Aires and CONICET. This study was funded by UBACyT 20020090200037 and PIP funding programs.
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This study is part of the thesis of MS who participated in all stages of the experiment, data entry, and analysis of results. GB performed the biochemical determinations, and MZC participated in the anthropometric and food evaluations. MER and MLPMP participated in the design of the study and in animal and diet control, and SNZ was the director of the investigation.
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Mariana Seijo, Gabriel Bryk, Magalí Zeni Coronel, Marina Bonanno, María Esther Rio, María Luz Pita Martín de Portela and Susana Noemí Zeni have no conflict of interest to declare.
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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.
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Seijo, M., Bryk, G., Zeni Coronel, M. et al. Effect of Adding a Galacto-Oligosaccharides/Fructo-Oligosaccharides (GOS/FOS®) Mixture to a Normal and Low Calcium Diet, on Calcium Absorption and Bone Health in Ovariectomy-Induced Osteopenic Rats. Calcif Tissue Int 104, 301–312 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-018-0490-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-018-0490-5