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Bone Apatite Composition of Necrotic Trabecular Bone in the Femoral Head of Immature Piglets

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Abstract

Ischemic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (IOFH) can lead to excessive resorption of the trabecular bone and collapse of the femoral head as a structure. A well-known mineral component to trabecular bone is hydroxyapatite, which can be present in many forms due to ionic substitution, thus altering chemical composition. Unfortunately, very little is known about the chemical changes to bone apatite following IOFH. We hypothesized that the apatite composition changes in necrotic bone possibly contribute to increased osteoclast resorption and structural collapse of the femoral head. The purpose of this study was to assess the macroscopic and local phosphate composition of actively resorbed necrotic trabecular bone to isolate differences between areas of increased osteoclast resorption and normal bone formation. A piglet model of IOFH was used. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histology, X-ray absorbance near edge structure (XANES), and Raman spectroscopy were performed on femoral heads to characterize normal and necrotic trabecular bone. Backscattered SEM, micro-computed tomography and histology showed deformity and active resorption of necrotic bone compared to normal. XANES and Raman spectroscopy obtained from actively resorbed necrotic bone and normal bone showed increased carbonate-to-phosphate content in the necrotic bone. The changes in the apatite composition due to carbonate substitution may play a role in the increased resorption of necrotic bone due to its increase in solubility. Indeed, a better understanding of the apatite composition of necrotic bone could shed light on osteoclast activity and potentially improve therapeutic treatments that target excessive resorption of bone.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children. The XANES experiments were performed at the Canadian Light Source, which is supported by NSERC, NRC, CIHR, and the University of Saskatchewan. Raman experiments were conducted at Center for Characterizations for Materials and Biology at The University of Texas at Arlington.

Conflict of interest

None of the authors have any conflict of interest with any entity with regard to this study.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This study was performed in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. This article does not contain any studies with human subjects performed by any of the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington, 501 West First Street, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA

    Olumide O. Aruwajoye & Pranesh B. Aswath

  2. Center for Excellence in Hip Disorders, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, 2222 Welborn Street, Dallas, TX, 75219, USA

    Olumide O. Aruwajoye & Harry K. W. Kim

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  1. Olumide O. Aruwajoye
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  2. Harry K. W. Kim
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  3. Pranesh B. Aswath
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Correspondence to Pranesh B. Aswath.

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Aruwajoye, O.O., Kim, H.K.W. & Aswath, P.B. Bone Apatite Composition of Necrotic Trabecular Bone in the Femoral Head of Immature Piglets. Calcif Tissue Int 96, 324–334 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-015-9959-7

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