Abstract
RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell-expressed and secreted) is a CC chemokine appearing to be involved in the recruitment of leukocytes at inflammation sites. RANTES is produced by CD8+ T cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and platelets. It acts in vitro in leukocyte activation and human immunodeficiency virus suppression, but its role in vivo is still uncertain. In our study, we established the involvement of RANTES in an in vivo model of chronic inflammation induced by potassium permanganate, leading to calcified granulomas. In our rat model, RANTES expression (mRNA and protein) was significantly upregulated in granulomatous tissue; RANTES expression was further increased upon i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while it was kept at basal levels by dexamethasone (Dex) given 18 hours before sacrifice. LPS and Dex increased and decreased, respectively, the recruitment of mononuclear cells in granulomatous tissue compared with control granulomas from phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated animals. In granuloma tissue, levels of RANTES were higher in LPS-treated rats and lower in the Dex group compared to controls. RANTES was also found in the conditioned medium of granuloma tissue from treated (LPS or Dex) and untreated (PBS) rats. When LPS was added in vitro for 18 hours, RANTES was further increased, except in the Dex group (P > 0.05). On serum analysis, RANTES levels were higher in the LPS group and lower in the Dex group compared to controls. This study shows for the first time that RANTES is produced in vivo in chronic, experimental inflammatory states, an effect increased by LPS and inhibited by Dex.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Conti P, Barbacane RC, Reale M (1999) Chemokines in inflammatory states. Allergy Asthma Proc 20:205–208
Conti P, DiGioacchino M (2001) MCP-1 and RANTES are mediators of acute and chronic inflammation. Allergy Asthma Proc 22:133–137
Matalon R, Surendran S, McDonald JD, Okorodudu AO, Tyring SK, Michals-Matalon K, Harris P (2005) Abnormal expression of genes associated with development and inflammation in the heart of mouse maternal phenylketonuria offspring. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:557–565
Gorbunov NV, McFaul SJ, Januszkiewicz A, Atkins JL (2005) Pro-inflammatory alterations and status of blood plasma iron in a model of blast-induced lung trauma. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:547–556
Frydas S, Papaioannou N, Papazahariadou M, Hatzistilianou M, Karagouni E, Trakatelli M, Brellou G, Petrarca C, Castellani ML, Conti P, Riccioni G, Patruno A, Grilli A (2005) Inhibition of MCP-1 and MIP-2 chemokines in murine trichinellosis: effect of the anti-inflammatory compound L-mimosine. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:85–94
Musso T, Cappello P, Stornello S, Ravarino D, Caorsi C, Otero K, Novelli F, Badolato R, Giovarelli M (2005) IL-10 enhances CCL2 release and chemotaxis induced by CCL16 in human monocytes. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:339–349
Di Giannantonio M, Frydas S, Kempuraj D, Karagouni E, Hatzistilianou M, Conti CM, Boucher W, Papadopoulou N, Donelan J, Cao J, Madhappan B, Boscolo P, Petrarca C, Castellani L, Quartesan L, Doyle R, Ferro FM (2005) Cytokines in stress. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:1–5
Conti P, Pang X, Boucher W, Letourneau R, Reale M, Barbacane RC, Thibault J, Theoharides TC (1997) RANTES is a pro-inflammatory chemokine and chemoattracts basophil cells to extravascular sites. J Pathol 183:352–358
Conti P, Reale M, Barbacane RC, Felaco M, Grilli A, Theoharides TC (1998) Mast cell recruitment after subcutaneous injection of RANTES in the sole of the rat paw. Br J Haematol 103:798–803
Petrarca C, Frydas S, Donelan J, Boucher W, Papadopoulou N, Cao J, Castellani ML, Conti P, Toniato E, Robuffo I, Vecchiet J, Iezzi T, Madhappan B, Kempuraj D (2005) Interleukin 27 (IL-27): a novel pleiotropic cytokine involved in T cell differentiation and T cell response modulation. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:191–194
Cavalieri B, Mosca M, Ramadori P, Perrelli MG, De Simone L, Colotta F, Bestini R, Poli G, Cutrin JC (2005) Neutrophil recruitment in the reperfused-injured rat liver was effectively attenuated by repertaxin, a novel allosteric noncompetitive inhibitor of CXCL8 receptors: a therapeutic approach for the treatment of post-ischemic hepatic syndromes. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:475–486
Cianci R, Pinti M, Nasi M, Starnino S, Cammarota G, Miele L, De Luca A, Cauda R, Raducci F, Grieco A, Rapaccini G, Gasbarrini G, Cossarizza A, Pandolfi F (2005) Impairment of recent thymic emigrants in HCV infection. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:723–728
Luther SA, Cyster JG (2001) Chemokines as regulators of T cell differentiation. Nat Immunol 2:102–107
Gioia C, Horejsh D, Agrati C, Martini F, Capobianchi MR, Ippolito G, Poccia F (2005) T-cell response profiling to biological threat agents including the SARS coronavirus. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:525–530
Cipollone F, Chiarelli F, Iezzi A, Fazia ML, Cuccurullo C, Pini B, De Cesare D, Torello M, Tumini S, Cuccurullo F, Mezzetti A (2005) Relationship between reduced BCL-2 expression in circulating mononuclear cells and early nephropathy in type 1 diabetes. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:625–635
Gonzalez MI, Rubinstein N, Ilarregui JM, Toscano MA, Sanjuan NA, Rabinovich GA (2005) Regulated expression of galectin-1 after in vitro productive infection with herpes simplex virus type 1: implications for T cell apoptosis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:615–623
Appay V, Rowland-Jones SL (2001) RANTES: a versatile and controversial chemokine. Trends Immunol 22:83–87
De Luca M, Miccinesi G, Chiappini E, Zappa M, Galli L, De Martino M (2005) Different kinetics of immunologic recovery using nelfinavir or lopinavir/ritonavir-based regimens in children with perinatal HIV-1 infection. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:729–735
Martini F, Agrati C, D’Offizi G, Poccia F (2005) HLA-E up-regulation induced by HIV infection may directly contribute to CD94-mediated impairment of NK cells. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:269–276
Conti P, Pang X, Boucher W, Letourneau R, Reale M, Barbacane RC, Thibault J, Theoharides TC (1997) Impact of RANTES and MCP-1 chemokines on in vivo basophilic cell recruitment in rat skin injection model and their role in modifying the protein and mRNA levels for histidine decarboxylase. Blood 89:4120–4127
Conti P, Reale M, Barbacane RC, Letourneau R, Theoharides TC (1998) Intramuscular injection of hrRANTES causes mast cell recruitment and increased transcription of histidine decarboxylase in mice: lack of effects in genetically mast cell-deficient W/WV mice. FASEB J 12:1693–1700
Ballerini P, Di Iorio P, Ciccarelli R, Caciagli F, Poli A, Beraudi A, Buccella S, D’Alimonte I, D’Auro M, Nargi E, Patricelli P, Visini D, Traversa U (2005) P2Y1 and cysteinyl leukotriene receptors mediate purine and cysteinyl leukotriene co-release in primary cultures of rat microglia. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:255–268
Ballerini P, Ciccarelli R, Caciagli F, Rathbone MP, Werstiuk ES, Traversa U, Buccella S, Giuliani P, Jang S, Nargi E, Visini D, Santavenere C, Di Iorio P (2005) P2X7 receptor activation in rat brain cultured astrocytes increases the biosynthetic release of cysteinyl leukotrienes. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:417–430
Weber C, Kitayama J, Springer TA (1996) Differential regulation of ß1 and ß2 integrin avidity by chemoattractants in eosinophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:10939–10944
Di Lorenzo G, Pacor ML, Mansueto P, Esposito Pellitteri M, Lo Bianco C, Ditta V, Leto-Barone MS, Napoli N, Di Fede G, Rini GB (2005) Determinants of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in subjects with rhinitis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:715–722
Bernardini R, Mistrello G, Novembre E, Roncarolo D, Zanotta S, Lombardi E, Cianferoni A, Pucci N, De Martino M, Vierucci A (2005) Cross-reactivity between IgE-binding proteins from Anisakis simplex and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:671–675
Liu Q, Hamblin MR (2005) Macrophage-targeted photodynamic therapy: scavenger receptor expression and activation state. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:391–402
Appay V, Rowland-Jones SL (2001) RANTES: a versatile and controversial chemokine. Trends Immunol 22:83–87
Marinova S, Nenkov P, Markova R, Nikolaeva S, Kostadinova R, Mitov I, Vretenarska M (2005) Cellular and humoral systemic and mucosal immune responses stimulated by an oral polybacterial immunomodulator in patients with chronic urinary tract infections. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:457–473
Ottonello L, Bertolotto M, Montecucco F, Dapino P, Dallegri F (2005) Dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of human monocytes exposed to immune complexes. Intervention of CD95- and XIAP-dependent pathways. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:403–415
Conti P, Feliciani C, Barbacane RC, Frydas S, Placido FC, Cataldo I, Reale M (1999) Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 gene expression and translation in formed granulomatous calcified tissue in vivo. Calcif Tissue Int 64:57–62
Selye H (1962) Calciphylaxis. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
Selye H, Somogyi A, Mecs I (1986) Inhibition of local calcergy by topical application of calciphylactic challengers. Calcif Tissue Res 2:67–76
Gabbiani G, Jacqmin ML, Richard RM (1966) Soft-tissue calcification induced by rare earth metals and its prevention by sodium pyrophosphate. Br J Pharmacol 27:1–9
Oppenheim JJ, Zachariae CO, Mukaida N, Matsushima K (1991) Properties of the novel proinflammatory supergene “intercrine” cytokine family. Annu Rev Immunol 9:617–648
Luther SA, Cyster JG (2001) Chemokines as regulators of T cell differentiation. Nat Immunol 2:102–107
Yamaki K, Uchida H, Li X, Yanagisawa R, Takano H, Hayashi H, Mori Y, Yoshino S (2005) Effect of varying types of anti-arthritic drugs on Th1 and Th2 immune responses in mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:133–144
Lanzilli G, Falchetti R, Tricarico M, Ungheri D, Fuggetta MP (2005) In vitro effects of an immunostimulating bacterial lysate on human lymphocyte function. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:245–254
Chensue SW, Warmington KS, Allenspach EJ, Lu B, Gerard C, Kunkel SL, Lukacs NW (1999) Differential expression and cross-regulatory function of RANTES during mycobacterial (type 1) and schistosomal (type 2) antigen-elicited granulomatous inflammation. J Immunol 163:165–173
Hebert CA (1999) Chemokines in Disease: Biology and Clinical Research. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Lo Iacono M, Cavallo F, Quaglino E, Rolla S, Iezzi M, Pupa SM, De Giovanni C, Lollini PL, Musiani P, Forni G, Calogero RA (2005) A limited autoimmunity to p185neu elicited by DNA and allogeneic cell vaccine hampers the progression of preneoplastic lesions in HER-2/NEU transgenic mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:351–363
Alexandrakis MG, Passam FH, Pappa CA, Damilakis J, Tsirakis G, Kandidaki E, Passam AM, Stathopoulos EN, Kyriakou DS (2005) Serum evaluation of angiogenic cytokine basic fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor and TNF-alpha in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: correlation with bone marrow microvascular density. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:287–295
Fioriti D, Penta M, Mischitelli M, Degener AM, Pierangeli A, Gentile V, Nicosia R, Gallinelli C, Chiarini F, Pietropaolo V (2005) Interstitial cystitis and infectious agents. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:799–804
Marasini B, Massarotti M, Cossutta R (2005) Scleroderma heart disease. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:609–614
Tsukishiro S, Suzumori N, Nishikawa H, Arakawa A, Suzumori K (2006) Elevated serum RANTES levels in patients with ovarian cancer correlate with the extent of the disorder. Gynecol Oncol 102:542–545
Belli R, Amerio P, Brunetti L, Orlando G, Toto P, Proietto G, Vacca M, Tulli A (2005) Elevated 8-isoprostane levels in basal cell carcinoma and in UVA irradiated skin. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:497–502
Stanczyk J, Kowalski ML, Grzegorczyk J, Szkudlinska B, Jarzebska M, Marciniak M, Synder M (2005) RANTES and chemotactic activity in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2005:343–348
Totaro R, Passacantando A, Russo T, Parzanese I, Rascente M, Marini C, Tonietti G, Carolei A (2005) Effects of interferon beta, cyclophosphamide and azathioprine on cytokine profile in patients with multiple sclerosis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:377–383
Garcia-Vicuna R, Gomez-Gaviro MV, Dominguez-Luis MJ, Pec MK, Gonzalez-Alvaro I, Alvaro-Gracia JM, Diaz-Gonzalez F (2004) CC and CXC chemokine receptors mediate migration, proliferation, and matrix metalloproteinase production by fibroblast-like synoviocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Rheum 50:3866–3877
Licastro F, Chiappelli M, Ruscica M, Carnelli V, Corsi MM (2005) Altered cytokine and acute phase response protein levels in the blood of children with Down syndrome: relationship with dementia of Alzheimer’s type. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:165–172
Waku M, Napolitano L, Clementini E, Staniscia T, Spagnolli C, Andama A, Kasiriye P, Innocenti P (2005) Risk of cancer onset in sub-Saharan Africans affected with chronic gastrointestinal parasitic diseases. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 18:503–511
Yano S, Mentaverri R, Kanuparthi D, Bandyopadhyay S, Rivera A, Brown EM, Chattopadhyay N (2005) Functional expression of beta-chemokine receptors in osteoblasts: role of regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in osteoblasts and regulation of its secretion by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Endocrinology 146:2324–2335
Barnes DA, Tse J, Kaufhold M, Owen M, Hesselgesser J, Strieter R, Horuk R, Perez HD (1998) Polyclonal antibody directed against human RANTES ameliorates disease in the Lewis rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model. J Clin Invest 101:2910–2919
Concoff AL, Kalunian KC (1999) What is the relation between crystals and osteoarthritis? Curr Opin Rheumatol 11:436–440
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Castellani, M.L., Shanmugham, L.N., Petrarca, C. et al. Expression and Secretion of RANTES (CCL5) in Granulomatous Calcified Tissue before and after Lipopolysaccharide Treatment In Vivo . Calcif Tissue Int 80, 60–67 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-006-0115-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-006-0115-2