Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Age, Weight and Lifestyle Factors on Calcaneal Quantitative Ultrasound in Premenopausal Women: The ESOPO Study

  • Published:
Calcified Tissue International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of bone mass as measured by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in premenopausal women. The study population is part of the “Epidemiological Study On the Prevalence of Osteoporosis” (ESOPO) on risk of the general population of Italy. We report the data on 2727 premenopausal women aged 40–50 years who are still regularly menstruating. Bone stiffness (called simplicity stiffness), which is derived from the values of broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SoS), was measured by a heel QUS device (Achilles Apparatus, Lunar, Co. USA). The most commonly recognized determinants of bone mass were modelled with stiffness by multiple regression analysis or analysis of variance (ANOVA). Bone stiffness was negatively related to age and number of cigarettes and positively to body weight, body weight at 25 years, height and estimated daily calcium intake. By multiple regression analysis, independent, positive, predictors of bone stiffness were age, weight at 25 years and daily calcium intake. Bone stiffness adjusted for age and body weight at 25 years was positively associated with outdoor activity score and negatively with number of pregnancies, chronic use of any drug, smoking and subjective health status. Bone stiffness was also somewhat (p < 0.015) negatively related to history of prolonged bedrest and thyroxin use. In conclusion, our results indicate that risk factors usually associated in other studies with DXA-BMD in elderly women are also associated with calcaneal bone stiffness, as measured by QUS in premenopausal women. These findings should help to identify premenopausal women at risk and to design an early strategy for osteoporosis prevention based on eliminating modifiable risks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. V Matkovic T Jelic GM Wardlaw et al. (1994) ArticleTitleTiming of peak bone mass in Caucasian females and its implications for the prevention of osteoporosis. J Clin Invest 93 799–808 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByuC2MjhtVQ%3D Occurrence Handle8113412

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. G Theintz B Buchs R Rizzoli D Slosman H Clavien PC Sizonenko JP Bonjour (1992) ArticleTitleLongitudinal monitoring of bone mass accumulation in healthy adolescents: evidence of marked reduction after 16 years of age at the levels of lumbar spine and femoral neck in female subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 75 1060–1065 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByyD3MnmtF0%3D Occurrence Handle1400871

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. RR Recker KM Davies SM Hinders RP Heaney MR Seegman DB Kimmel (1992) ArticleTitleBone gain in young adult women. JAMA 268 2403–2407 Occurrence Handle10.1001/jama.268.17.2403 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByyD387mt1U%3D Occurrence Handle1404797

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. EW Gregg AM Kriska LM Salomone et al. (1997) ArticleTitleThe epidemiology of quantitative ultrasound: a review of the relationships with bone mass, osteoporosis and fracture risk. Osteoporos Int . 789–799

    Google Scholar 

  5. S Cheng F Tylavsky L Carbone (1997) ArticleTitleUtility of ultrasound to assess risk of fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc 45 1382–1394

    Google Scholar 

  6. AM Schott S Weill-Engerer D Hans F Duboeuf PD Delmas PJ Meunier (1995) ArticleTitleUltrasound discriminates patients with hip fracture equally as well as dual-energy X-ray absortiometry and independently of bone density. J Bone Miner Res 10 243–249 Occurrence Handle7754803

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. DC Bauer CC Gluer HK Genant et al. (1995) ArticleTitleQuantitative ultrasound and vertebral fracture in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 10 353–358

    Google Scholar 

  8. MK Karlsson Y Duan H Ahlborg KJ Obrant O Johnell E Seeman (2001) ArticleTitleAge, gender, and fragility fractures are associated with differences in quantitative ultrasound independent of bone mineral density. Bone 28 118–122 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S8756-3282(00)00407-5 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzitFGqtg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11165952

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. S Adami S Giannini R Giorgino GC Isaia S Maggi L Sinigaglia P Filippini G Crepaldi (2003) ArticleTitleThe Effect of age, weight and lifestyle factors on calcaneal quantitative ultrasound: the ESOPO study. Osteoporosis Int . .

    Google Scholar 

  10. MB Mikhail E Flaster JF Aloia (1999) ArticleTitleStiffness in discrimination of patients with vertebral fractures. Osteoporosis Int 9 24–28 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s001980050112 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1M3psFWjsA%3D%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. F Hartl A Tyndall M Kraenzlin C Bachmeier C Gückel U Senn D Hans R Theiler (2002) ArticleTitleDiscriminatory ability of quantitative ultrasound parameters and bone mineral density in a population-based sample of postmenopausal women with vertebral fractures: results of the Basel Osteoporosis Study. J Bone Miner Res 17 321–330

    Google Scholar 

  12. RB Mazess HS Barden (1991) ArticleTitleBone density in premenopausal women: effect of age, dietary intake, physical activity, smoking, and birth-control pills. Am J Clin Nutr 53 132–142

    Google Scholar 

  13. JP Sabatier G Guaydier-Souquires D Laroche et al. (1996) ArticleTitleBone mineral acquisition during adolescence and early adulthood: a study in 574 healthy females 10–24 years of age. Osteoporosis Int 6 141–148 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BymB1c3oslA%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. DO Slosman R Rizzoli C Pichard A Donath JP Bonjour (1994) ArticleTitleLongitudinal measurements of regional and whole body bone mass in young healthy adults. Osteoporosis Int 4 185–190 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByqD3sjgs1c%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. JT Citron B Ettinger HK Genant (1995) ArticleTitleSpinal bone mineral loss in estrogen-replete, calcium-replete premenopausal women. Osteoporosis Int 5 228–233 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BymD2MzhtVU%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. RD Chapurlat P Garnero E Somay-Rendu ME Arlot B Claustrat PD Delmas (2000) ArticleTitleLongitudinal study of bone loss in pre- and perimenopausal women: evidence for bone loss in perimenopausal women. Osteoporosis Int 11 493–498 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s001980070091 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvotFSiuw%3D%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. SL Hui AJ Perkins L Zhou C Longcope MJ Econs M Peacock C McClintock CC Johnston (2002) ArticleTitleBone loss at the femoral neck in premenopausal white women: effects of weight change and sex-hormone levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87 1539–1543 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XivFKltrY%3D Occurrence Handle11932278

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. K Uusi-Rasi H Sievänen M Pasanen P Oja I Vuori (2002) ArticleTitleAssociation of physical activity and calcium intake with the maintenance of bone mass in premenopausal women. Osteoporosis Int 13 211–217 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s001980200016 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XksVynt78%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. O Johnell BE Nilsson (1984) ArticleTitleLife-style and bone mineral mass in perimenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 36 354–356 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BiqD38vjtlM%3D Occurrence Handle6435833

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. DI Rosenthal W Mayo-Smith CW Hayes et al. (1989) ArticleTitleAge and bone mass in premenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 4 533–538

    Google Scholar 

  21. M Ito M Yamada K Hayashi M Ohki M Uetani T Nakamura (1995) ArticleTitleRelation of early menarche to high bone mineral density. Calcif Tissue Int 57 11–14 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmsFWnt78%3D Occurrence Handle7671158

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. AM Boot MA de Ridder HA Pols EP Krenning SM de Muinck Keizer-Schrama (1997) ArticleTitleBone mineral density in children and adolescents: relation to puberty, calcium intake and physical activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82 57–62 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXkt1SnsA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle8989233

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. GA Hawker SA Jamal R Ridout C Chase (2002) ArticleTitleA clinical prediction rule to identify premenopausal women with low bone mass. Osteoporosis Int 13 400–406 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s001980200046 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD38zktlamsw%3D%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. MF Sowers MK Clark B Hollis RB Wallace M Jannausch (1992) ArticleTitleRadial bone mineral density in pre- and perimenopausal women: a prospective study of rates and risk factors for loss. J Bone Miner Res 7 647–657 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByyD3svkt1M%3D Occurrence Handle1414483

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. LJ Melton SC Bryant HW Wahner WM O’Fallon GD Malkasian HL Judd BL Riggs (1993) ArticleTitleInfluence of breastfeeding and other reproductive factors on bone mass later in life. Osteoporosis Int 3 76–83

    Google Scholar 

  26. M Blum SS Harris A Must SM Phillips WM Rand B Dawson-Hughes (2001) ArticleTitleWeight and body mass index at menarche are associated with premenopausal bone mass. Osteoporosis Int 12 588–594 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s001980170082 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvosFantQ%3D%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. A Heinonen P Oja H Sievänen M Pasanen I Vuori (1998) ArticleTitleEffect of two training regimens on bone mineral density in healthy perimenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res 37 246–251

    Google Scholar 

  28. H Düppe P Gärdsell O Johnell E Ornstein (1996) ArticleTitleBone mineral density in female junior, senior and former football players. Osteoporosis Int 6 437–441

    Google Scholar 

  29. JW Nieves AL Golden E Siris JL Kelsey R Lindsay (1995) ArticleTitleTeenage and current calcium intake are related to bone mineral density of the hip and forearm in women aged 30–39 years. Am J Epidemiol 141 342–351 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByqC2c3gvVI%3D Occurrence Handle7840112

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. D Baran A Sorensen J Grimes R Lew A Karellas B Johnson J Roche (1989) ArticleTitleDietary modification with dairy products for preventing vertebral bone loss in premenopausal women: a three-year prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 70 264–270

    Google Scholar 

  31. MF Sowers (2001) Premenopausal reproductive and hormonal characteristics and the risk for osteoporosis. R Marcus D Feldman J Kelsey (Eds) Osteoporosis. Academic Press San Diego 721–739

    Google Scholar 

  32. KM Fox J Magaziner R Shervin JC Scott CC Plato M Nevitt S Cummings (1993) ArticleTitleReproductive correlates of bone mass in elderly women. J Bone Miner Res 8 901–908 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByuD38njvFw%3D Occurrence Handle8213252

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. KD Ward RC Klesges (2001) ArticleTitleA meta-analysis of the effects of cigarette smoking on bone mineral density. Calcif Tissue Int 68 259–270 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlsVyrurY%3D Occurrence Handle11683532

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. M Law (2000) Smoking and osteoporosis. N Wald J Baron (Eds) Smoking and related disorders. Oxford University Press Oxford 83–92

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was funded by an unlimited grant from Procter & Gamble, Italy. Local coordinators of the ESOPO study: Antonino Accardi, Marsala; Alberto Angeli, Orbassano;, Salvatore Baglio, Roma; Alfonso Baldoncini, Arezzo; Pierluigi Ballardini, Lagosanto (FE); Cataldo Bancheri, Roma; Franco Beghe’ Imperia; Luigi Bernini S. Miniato (PI); Maurizio Bevilacqua Milano; Gerolamo Bianchi, Arenzano (GE); Giuseppe Bonomi, Palmanova (Udine); Massimo Bottai Sarzana (SP); Giovanni Brogi Pescia (PT); Giuseppe Candioto Agrigento; Sergio Candiotto, Dolo (VE); Riccardo Cecchetti Pontedera (PI); Raffaele CerquaSerqua, S. Felice a Cancello (CE); Sandro Cervelli Roma; Stefano Coaccioli Temi; Franco Coin Dolo (VE); Cataldo Colella Aversa (CE); Daniele Costi Parma; Massimo CraveroTorino; SalvatoreD’Auria Benevento; GlovannlD’AvolaCatania; NicolaDe GennaroCapua(CE); Lucio Del FornoVasto (CH); Arturo D’Elia, Napoli; Ombretta Di Munno, Pisa; Roberto Di VirgilioTrevise; Filippo Favazzi Mistretta (ME); Mario Ferraris Vercelli; Paolo FilipponiFilippini, Umbertide (PG); Cristiano Maria Francucci Ancona; Bruno Frediani Siena; Giorgio Gandolini, Milano; Romildo Gasparini Legnago (VR); Romeo Gatti Viterbo; Salvatore Gatto Napoli; Emesto Gemini Napoli; Tommaso Gismondi Bari; Stefano Gonnelli Siena; Siro Grassi Napoli; Giovanni lolascon Napoli; Gian Carlo Isaia.Torino; Tommaso Izzo Nocera Inferiore (SA); Giovanni La Montagna Renato LaforgiaLa forgia, Matera; Giovanni Lapadula, Bari; Gaetano Loiacono Martina Franca (TA); Pierluigi Lombardi, Castelnuovo G. (LU); Roberto Lovato Vicenza; Riccardo Maglitto Lentini (SR); Fabio Magnani Vignola (MO); Nazzarena Malavolta, Bologna; Giorgio Mancini, Macerata; Giuseppe Masellis Carpi (MO); Domenico Maugeri Catania; Carmelo MicaleCuggiono (MI); Redento Mora Pavia; Maurizio Muratore, S.Cesario di Lecce (LE); Rita Occhipinti Belluno; Geremia Oliva Frattamaggiore (NA); Ernesto Palummeri Genova; Domenica Panzavecchia, Partinico (PA); Salvatore Parello Canelli (AT); Raffaele Pellerito, Torino; Giovanni Pisanu, Oristano (CA); Domenico Policicchio.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Riabilitazione Reumatologica, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

    S. Adami

  2. Procter & Gamble, Italy, Italy

    R. Giorgino

  3. Istituto Gaetano Pini, University of Milan, Italy

    L. Sinigaglia

  4. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

    S. Giannini, S. Maggi & G. Crepaldi

  5. Ist Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Italy

    G. C. Isaia

  6. Div. Medicina Interna, , Umbertide, Perugia

    P. Filipponi

Authors
  1. S. Adami
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Giannini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. R. Giorgino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. G. C. Isaia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. S. Maggi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. L. Sinigaglia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. P. Filipponi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. G. Crepaldi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Adami.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Adami, S., Giannini, S., Giorgino, R. et al. Effect of Age, Weight and Lifestyle Factors on Calcaneal Quantitative Ultrasound in Premenopausal Women: The ESOPO Study . Calcif Tissue Int 74, 317–321 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-003-0036-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-003-0036-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation