Abstract
The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) functions to maintain eye stability during head movement, and VOR gain can be dynamically increased or decreased by gain-up or gain-down adaptation. In this study, we investigated the impact of a differential training paradigm with varying frequencies and amplitudes on the level of VOR adaptation in mice. Training for gain-up (out of phase) or gain-down (in phase) VOR adaptation was applied for 60 min using two protocols: (1) oscillation of a drum and turntable with fixed frequency and differing amplitudes (0.5 Hz/2.5°, 0.5 Hz/5° and 0.5 Hz/10°). (2) Oscillation of a drum and turntable with fixed amplitude and a differing frequency (0.25 Hz/5°, 0.5 Hz/5° and 1 Hz/5°). VOR adaptation occurred distinctively in gain-up and gain-down learning. In gain-up VOR adaptation, the learned increase in VOR gain was greatest when trained with the same frequency and amplitude as the test stimulation, and VOR gain decreased after gain-up training with too high a frequency or amplitude. In gain-down VOR adaptation, the decrease in VOR gain increased as the training frequency or amplitude increased. These results suggest that different mechanisms are, at least in part, involved in gain-up and gain-down VOR adaptation.
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The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (2021R1F1A1062019).
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221_2023_6601_MOESM1_ESM.pptx
Supplemental data 1. Gain-up and gain-down VOR adaptation protocols. The drum and turntable were simultaneously rotated in and out of phase for the gain-down and gain-up VOR adaptation, respectively. (PPTX 7279 KB)
221_2023_6601_MOESM2_ESM.pptx
Supplemental data 2. Raw eye movements before (A) and after (B) 60 min gain-up VOR adaptation with 0.25 Hz and 5°. And raw eye movements after 24 hr in dark rearing are shown (C). (PPTX 1053 KB)
221_2023_6601_MOESM3_ESM.pptx
Supplemental data 3. Raw eye movements before (A) and after (B) 60 min gain-up VOR adaptation with 0.5 Hz and 5°. And raw eye movements after 24 hr in dark rearing are shown (C). (PPTX 1202 KB)
221_2023_6601_MOESM4_ESM.pptx
Supplemental data 4. Raw eye movements before (A) and after (B) 60 min gain-up VOR adaptation with 1 Hz and 5°. And raw eye movements after 24 hr in dark rearing are shown (C). (PPTX 1233 KB)
221_2023_6601_MOESM5_ESM.pptx
Supplemental data 5. Raw eye movements before (A) and after (B) 60 min gain-down VOR adaptation with 0.25 Hz and 5°. And raw eye movements after 24 hr in dark rearing are shown (C). (PPTX 1200 KB)
221_2023_6601_MOESM6_ESM.pptx
Supplemental data 6. Raw eye movements before (A) and after (B) 60 min gain-down VOR adaptation with 0.5 Hz and 5°. And raw eye movements after 24 hr in dark rearing are shown (C). (PPTX 1203 KB)
221_2023_6601_MOESM7_ESM.pptx
Supplemental data 7. Raw eye movements before (A) and after (B) 60 min gain-down VOR adaptation with 1 Hz and 5°. And raw eye movements after 24 hr in dark rearing are shown (C). (PPTX 1218 KB)
221_2023_6601_MOESM8_ESM.pptx
Supplemental data 8. Raw eye movements before (A) and after (B) 60 min gain-up VOR adaptation with 0.5 Hz and 2.5°. And raw eye movements after 24 hr in dark rearing are shown (C). (PPTX 1172 KB)
221_2023_6601_MOESM9_ESM.pptx
Supplemental data 9. Raw eye movements before (A) and after (B) 60 min gain-up VOR adaptation with 0.5 Hz and 10°. And raw eye movements after 24 hr in dark rearing are shown (C) (PPTX 1200 KB)
221_2023_6601_MOESM10_ESM.pptx
Supplemental data 10. Raw eye movements before (A) and after (B) 60 min gain-down VOR adaptation with 0.5 Hz and 2.5°. And raw eye movements after 24 hr in dark rearing are shown (C). (PPTX 1215 KB)
221_2023_6601_MOESM11_ESM.pptx
Supplemental data 11. Raw eye movements before (A) and after (B) 60 min gain-down VOR adaptation with 0.5 Hz and 10°. And raw eye movements after 24 hr in dark rearing are shown (C). (PPTX 1174 KB)
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Pham, N.C., Kim, Y.G., Kim, S.J. et al. Effect of a differential training paradigm with varying frequencies and amplitudes on adaptation of vestibulo-ocular reflex in mice. Exp Brain Res 241, 1299–1308 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-023-06601-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-023-06601-0