Abstract
The relationship between cognitive demands and postural control is controversial. Mental fatigue paradigms investigate the attentional requirements of postural control by assessing balance after a prolonged cognitive task. However, a majority of mental fatigue research has focused on cognition and sports performance, leaving balance relatively underexamined. The purpose of this paper was to systematically review the existing literature on mental fatigue and balance control. We conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed and Web of Science databases for studies comparing balance performance pre- to post-mental fatigue or between a mental fatigue and control group. The literature search resulted in ten relevant studies including both volitional (n = 7) and reactive (n = 3) balance measures. Mental fatigue was induced by various cognitive tasks which were completed for 20–90 min prior to balance assessment. Mental fatigue affected both volitional and reactive balance, resulting in increased postural sway, decreased accuracy on volitional tasks, delayed responses to perturbations, and less effective balance recovery responses. These effects could have been mediated by the depletion of attentional resources or impaired sensorimotor perception which delayed appropriate balance-correcting responses. However, the current literature is limited by the number of studies and heterogeneous mental fatigue induction methods. Future studies are needed to confirm these postulations and examine the effects of mental fatigue on different populations and postural tasks. This line of research could be clinically relevant to improve safety in occupational settings where individuals complete extremely long durations of cognitive tasks and for the development of effective fall-assessment and fall-prevention paradigms.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adkin AL, Campbell AD, Chua R, Carpenter MG (2008) The influence of postural threat on the cortical response to unpredictable and predictable postural perturbations. Neurosci Lett 435:120–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2008.02.018
Al-Yahya E, Dawes H, Smith L, Dennis A, Howells K, Cockburn J (2011) Cognitive motor interference while walking: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 35:715–728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.08.008
Aruin AS, Forrest WR, Latash ML (1998) Anticipatory postural adjustments in conditions of postural instability. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol/Electromyogr Mot Control 109:350–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00029-0
Balasubramaniam R, Riley MA, Turvey M (2000) Specificity of postural sway to the demands of a precision task. Gait Posture 11:12–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(99)00051-X
Balci R, Aghazadeh F (2004) Effects of exercise breaks on performance, muscular load, and perceived discomfort in data entry and cognitive tasks. Comput Ind Eng 46:399–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2004.01.003
Baltes PB (1997) On the incomplete architecture of human ontogeny: Selection, optimization, and compensation as foundation of developmental theory. Am Psychol 52:366. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.4.366
Behrens M, Mau-Moeller A, Lischke A et al (2018) Mental fatigue increases gait variability during dual-task walking in old adults. J Gerontol Ser A 73:792–797. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glx210
Bergamin M, Gobbo S, Zanotto T, Sieverdes JC, Alberton CL, Zaccaria M, Ermolao A (2014) Influence of age on postural sway during different dual-task conditions. Front Aging Neurosci 6:271. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2014.00271
Bhatt T, Alqahtani S, Patel P (2016) Effect of dual-task on fall risk in chronic stroke survivors: examining reactive balance responses to forward perturbations in stance. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 97:e20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2016.08.058
Boksem MA, Tops M (2008) Mental fatigue: costs and benefits. Brain Res Rev 59:125–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.07.001
Boksem MA, Meijman TF, Lorist MM (2005) Effects of mental fatigue on attention: an ERP study. Cogn Brain Res 25:107–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.04.011
Boksem MA, Meijman TF, Lorist MM (2006) Mental fatigue, motivation and action monitoring. Biol Psychol 72:123–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.08.007
Bolton DA (2015) The role of the cerebral cortex in postural responses to externally induced perturbations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 57:142–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.014
Coelho T, Fernandes Â, Santos R, Paúl C, Fernandes L (2016) Quality of standing balance in community-dwelling elderly: age-related differences in single and dual task conditions. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 67:34–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2016.06.010
Condron JE, Hill KD (2002) Reliability and validity of a dual-task force platform assessment of balance performance: effect of age, balance impairment, and cognitive task. J Am Geriatr Soc 50:157–162. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50022.x
Crenshaw JR, Rosenblatt NJ, Hurt CP, Grabiner MD (2012) The discriminant capabilities of stability measures, trunk kinematics, and step kinematics in classifying successful and failed compensatory stepping responses by young adults. J Biomech 45:129–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.09.022
Dault MC, Frank JS, Allard F (2001) Influence of a visuo-spatial, verbal and central executive working memory task on postural control. Gait Posture 14:110–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(01)00113-8
Deschamps T, Magnard J, Cornu C (2013) Postural control as a function of time-of-day: influence of a prior strenuous running exercise or demanding sustained-attention task. J Neuroeng Rehabil 10:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-10-26
Doumas M, Smolders C, Krampe RT (2008) Task prioritization in aging: effects of sensory information on concurrent posture and memory performance. Exp Brain Res 187:275–281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-008-1302-3
Duarte M, Freitas SM (2005) Speed–accuracy trade-off in voluntary postural movements. Mot Control 9:180–196. https://doi.org/10.1123/mcj.9.2.180
Duarte M, Latash ML (2007) Effects of postural task requirements on the speed–accuracy trade-off. Exp Brain Res 180:457–467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-007-0871-x
Fard SJ, Boroujeni ST, Lavender AP (2019) Mental fatigue impairs simple reaction time in non-athletes more than athletes. Fatigue Biomed Health Behav 7:117–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/21641846.2019.1632614
Fenesi B, Lucibello K, Kim JA, Heisz JJ (2018) Sweat so you don’t forget: exercise breaks during a university lecture increase on-task attention and learning. J Appl Res Mem Cogn 7:261–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2018.01.012
Fernandes Â, Coelho T, Vitória A et al (2015) Standing balance in individuals with Parkinson’s disease during single and dual-task conditions. Gait Posture 42:323–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.06.188
Filipas L, Borghi S, La Torre A, Smith MR (2021) Effects of mental fatigue on soccer-specific performance in young players. Sci Med Football 5:150–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2020.1823012
Fortes LS, Lima-Junior D, Nascimento-Júnior JR, Costa EC, Matta MO, Ferreira ME (2019) Effect of exposure time to smartphone apps on passing decision-making in male soccer athletes. Psychol Sport Exerc 44:35–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1715181
Fortes LS, De Lima-Junior D, Fiorese L, Nascimento-Júnior JR, Mortatti AL, Ferreira ME (2020) The effect of smartphones and playing video games on decision-making in soccer players: a crossover and randomised study. J Sports Sci 38:552–558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.05.001
Freitas SM, Wieczorek SA, Marchetti PH, Duarte M (2005) Age-related changes in human postural control of prolonged standing. Gait Posture 22:322–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2004.11.001
Gantois P, Caputo Ferreira ME, Lima-Junior Dd, Nakamura FY, Batista GR, Fonseca FS, Fortes LDS (2020) Effects of mental fatigue on passing decision-making performance in professional soccer athletes. Eur J Sport Sci 20:534–543. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1656781
Ghai S, Ghai I, Effenberg AO (2017) Effects of dual tasks and dual-task training on postural stability: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Interv Aging 12:557. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S125201
Hachard B, Noé F, Ceyte H, Trajin B, Paillard T (2020) Balance control is impaired by mental fatigue due to the fulfilment of a continuous cognitive task or by the watching of a documentary. Exp Brain Res 238:861–868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-020-05758-2
Hart SG (2006) NASA-task load index (NASA-TLX); 20 years later. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 50th Annual Meeting, pp 904–908
Hopstaken JF, van der Linden D, Bakker AB, Kompier MA, Leung YK (2016) Shifts in attention during mental fatigue: Evidence from subjective, behavioral, physiological, and eye-tracking data. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 42:878. https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000189
Hülsdünker T, Mierau A, Neeb C, Kleinöder H, Strüder H (2015) Cortical processes associated with continuous balance control as revealed by EEG spectral power. Neurosci Lett 592:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2015.02.049
Jacobs J, Horak F (2007) Cortical control of postural responses. J Neural Transm 114:1339–1348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-007-0657-0
Kato Y, Endo H, Kizuka T (2009) Mental fatigue and impaired response processes: event-related brain potentials in a Go/NoGo task. Int J Psychophysiol 72:204–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.12.008
Kmet LM, Cook LS, Lee RC (2004) Standard quality assessment criteria for evaluating primary research papers from a variety of fields. Health Technology Assessment Initiative #14. http://www.ahfmr.ab.ca/frames3.html. Accessed 1 April 2022
Lacour M, Borel L (1993) Vestibular control of posture and gait. Arch Ital Biol 131:81–104
Lajoie Y, Teasdale N, Bard C, Fleury M (1993) Attentional demands for static and dynamic equilibrium. Exp Brain Res 97:139–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00228824
Langner R, Steinborn MB, Chatterjee A, Sturm W, Willmes K (2010) Mental fatigue and temporal preparation in simple reaction-time performance. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 133:64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.10.001
Le Mansec Y, Pageaux B, Nordez A, Dorel S, Jubeau M (2018) Mental fatigue alters the speed and the accuracy of the ball in table tennis. J Sports Sci 36:2751–2759. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1418647
Lew FL, Qu X (2014) Effects of mental fatigue on biomechanics of slips. Ergonomics 57:1927–1932. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2014.937771
Lin S-I, Woollacott M (2005) Association between sensorimotor function and functional and reactive balance control in the elderly. Age Ageing 34:358–363. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afi089
Lorist MM, Faber LG (2011) Consideration of the influence of mental fatigue on controlled and automatic cognitive processes and related neuromodulatory effects. In: Ackerman PL (ed) Cognitive fatigue: Multidisciplinary perspectives on current research and future applications. American Psychological Association. pp 105–126. https://doi.org/10.1037/12343-005
Lorist MM, Klein M, Nieuwenhuis S, De Jong R, Mulder G, Meijman TF (2000) Mental fatigue and task control: planning and preparation. Psychophysiology 37:614–625. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3750614
Lorist MM, Boksem MA, Ridderinkhof KR (2005) Impaired cognitive control and reduced cingulate activity during mental fatigue. Cogn Brain Res 24:199–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.01.018
MacKinnon CD, Bissig D, Chiusano J et al (2007) Preparation of anticipatory postural adjustments prior to stepping. J Neurophysiol 97:4368–4379. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.01136.2006
MacMahon C, Schücker L, Hagemann N, Strauss B (2014) Cognitive fatigue effects on physical performance during running. J Sport Exerc Psychol 36:375–381. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2013-0249
Maki BE, McIlroy WE (1996) Influence of arousal and attention on the control of postural sway. J Vestib Res 6:53–59. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-1996-6107
Maki BE, McIlroy WE (1997) The role of limb movements in maintaining upright stance: the “change-in-support” strategy. Phys Ther 77:488–507. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/77.5.488
Maki BE, McIlroy WE (2007) Cognitive demands and cortical control of human balance-recovery reactions. J Am Geriatr Soc 114:1279–1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-007-0764-y
Maki BE, Mcilroy WE, Fernie GR (2003) Change-in-support reactions for balance recovery. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag 22:20–26. https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMB.2003.1195691
Maki BE, McIlroy WE (2006) Control of rapid limb movements for balance recovery: age-related changes and implications for fall prevention. Age Ageing 35:ii12–ii18. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afl078
Marcora SM, Staiano W, Manning V (2009) Mental fatigue impairs physical performance in humans. J Appl Physiol 106:857–864. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.91324.2008
Marigold DS, Eng JJ, Dawson AS, Inglis JT, Harris JE, Gylfadottir S (2005) Exercise leads to faster postural reflexes, improved balance and mobility, and fewer falls in older persons with chronic stroke. J Am Geriatr Soc 53:416–423. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53158.x
Maylor EA, Wing AM (1996) Age differences in postural stability are increased by additional cognitive demands. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 51:143–154. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/51B.3.P143
McMorris T, Barwood M, Hale BJ, Dicks M, Corbett J (2018) Cognitive fatigue effects on physical performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiol Behav 188:103–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.01.029
Mehdizadeh H, Taghizadeh G, Ghomashchi H et al (2015) The effects of a short-term memory task on postural control of stroke patients. Top Stroke Rehabil 22:335–341. https://doi.org/10.1179/1074935714Z.0000000039
Meyer DE, Kieras DE (1997) A computational theory of executive cognitive processes and multiple-task performance: Part I. Basic mechanisms. Psychol Rev 104:3
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group P (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 6:e1000097. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135
Morris AJ, Christie AD (2020) The effect of a mentally fatiguing task on postural balance control in young and older women. Exp Gerontol 132:110840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2020.110840
Munafo J, Curry C, Wade MG, Stoffregen TA (2016) The distance of visual targets affects the spatial magnitude and multifractal scaling of standing body sway in younger and older adults. Exp Brain Res 234:2721–2730. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-016-4676-7
Noé F, Hachard B, Ceyte H, Bru N, Paillard T (2021) Relationship between the level of mental fatigue induced by a prolonged cognitive task and the degree of balance disturbance. Exp Brain Res:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-021-06139-z
Nuechterlein KH, Parasuraman R, Jiang Q (1983) Visual sustained attention: Image degradation produces rapid sensitivity decrement over time. Science 220:327–329. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6836276
Pageaux B, Lepers R (2018) The effects of mental fatigue on sport-related performance. Prog Brain Res 240:291–315. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31829b504a
Pageaux B, Marcora SM, Lepers R (2013) Prolonged mental exertion does not alter neuromuscular function of the knee extensors. Med Sci Sports Exerc 45:2254–2264. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31829b504a
Pageaux B, Lepers R, Dietz KC, Marcora SM (2014) Response inhibition impairs subsequent self-paced endurance performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 114:1095–1105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-2838-5
Patel PJ, Bhatt T (2015) Attentional demands of perturbation evoked compensatory stepping responses: examining cognitive-motor interference to large magnitude forward perturbations. J Mot Behav 47:201–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2014.971700
Paus T, Zatorre RJ, Hofle N, Caramanos Z, Gotman J, Petrides M, Evans AC (1997) Time-related changes in neural systems underlying attention and arousal during the performance of an auditory vigilance task. J Cogn Neurosci 9:392–408. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1997.9.3.392
Pellecchia GL (2003) Postural sway increases with attentional demands of concurrent cognitive task. Gait Posture 18:29–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(02)00138-8
Pires FO, Silva-Júnior FL, Brietzke C, Franco-Alvarenga PE, Pinheiro FA, de França NM, Teixeira S, Santos TM (2018) Mental fatigue alters cortical activation and psychological responses, impairing performance in a distance-based cycling trial. Front Physiol 9:227. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00227
Potvin-Desrochers A, Richer N, Lajoie Y (2017) Cognitive tasks promote automatization of postural control in young and older adults. Gait Posture 57:40–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.05.019
Prado JM, Stoffregen TA, Duarte M (2007) Postural sway during dual tasks in young and elderly adults. Gerontology 53(5):274–281. https://doi.org/10.1159/000102938
Qu X, Xie Y, Hu X, Zhang H (2020) Effects of fatigue on balance recovery from unexpected trips. Hum Factors 62:919–927. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819858794
Ramdani S, Seigle B, Lagarde J, Bouchara F, Bernard PL (2009) On the use of sample entropy to analyze human postural sway data. Med Eng Phys 31:1023–1031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2009.06.004
Reinert SS, Kinney AL, Jackson K, Diestelkamp W, Bigelow K (2017) Age stratification and sample entropy analysis enhance the limits of stability tests for older adults. J Appl Biomech 33:419–423. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.2016-0019
Richer N, Lajoie Y (2020) Automaticity of postural control while dual-tasking revealed in young and older adults. Exp Aging Res 46:1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073X.2019.1693044
Roerdink M, De Haart M, Daffertshofer A, Donker SF, Geurts A, Beek P (2006) Dynamical structure of center-of-pressure trajectories in patients recovering from stroke. Exp Brain Res 174:256–269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-006-0441-7
Rozand V, Lebon F, Papaxanthis C, Lepers R (2015) Effect of mental fatigue on speed–accuracy trade-off. Neuroscience 297:219–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.066
Sanders AF (1997) A summary of resource theories from a behavioral perspective. Biol Psychol 45:5–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-0511(96)05220-9
Santos PCR, Barbieri FA, Zijdewind I, Gobbi LTB, Lamoth C, Hortobágyi T (2019) Effects of experimentally induced fatigue on healthy older adults’ gait: a systematic review. PLoS ONE 14:e0226939. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226939
Schouppe S, Danneels L, Van Damme S, Van Oosterwijck S, Palmans T, Van Oosterwijck J (2019) Physical and cognitive exertion do not influence feedforward activation of the trunk muscles: a randomized crossover trial. Exp Brain Res 237:3011–3021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-019-05585-0
Shigihara Y, Tanaka M, Ishii A, Tajima S, Kanai E, Funakura M, Watanabe Y (2013) Two different types of mental fatigue produce different styles of task performance. Neurol Psychiatry Brain Res 19:5–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npbr.2012.07.002
Slobounov S, Wu T, Hallett M, Shibasaki H, Slobounov E, Newell K (2006) Neural underpinning of postural responses to visual field motion. Biol Psychol 72:188–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.10.005
Slobounov S, Cao C, Jaiswal N, Newell KM (2009) Neural basis of postural instability identified by VTC and EEG. Exp Brain Res 199:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-009-1956-5
Smith MR, Marcora SM, Coutts AJ (2015) Mental fatigue impairs intermittent running performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 47:1682–1690. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000592
Smith MR, Coutts AJ, Merlini M, Deprez D, Lenoir M, Marcora SM (2016) Mental fatigue impairs soccer-specific physical and technical performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 48:267–276. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000762
Smith MR, Chai R, Nguyen HT, Marcora SM, Coutts AJ (2019) Comparing the effects of three cognitive tasks on indicators of mental fatigue. J Psychol 153:759–783. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2019.1611530
Stelmach GE, Worringham CJ (1985) Sensorimotor deficits related to postural stability: implications for falling in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med 1:679–694. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0690(18)30933-9
Stoffregen TA, Smart LJ, Bardy BG, Pagulayan RJ (1999) Postural stabilization of looking. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 25:1641. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.25.6.1641
Stoffregen TA, Bardy BG, Bonnet CT, Pagulayan RJ (2006) Postural stabilization of visually guided eye movements. Ecol Psychol 18:191–222. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326969eco1803_3
Sun H, Soh KG, Roslan S, Wazir MRWN, Soh KL (2021) Does mental fatigue affect skilled performance in athletes? A systematic review. PLos ONE 16:e0258307. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258307
Tassignon B, Verschueren J, De Pauw K, Roelands B, Van Cutsem J, Verhagen E, Meeusen R (2020) Mental fatigue impairs clinician-friendly balance test performance and brain activity. Transl Sports Med 3:616–625. https://doi.org/10.1002/tsm2.177
Van Veen V, Carter CS (2002) The anterior cingulate as a conflict monitor: fMRI and ERP studies. Physiol Behav 77:477–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9384(02)00930-7
Van Cutsem J, Marcora S, De Pauw K, Bailey S, Meeusen R, Roelands B (2017) The effects of mental fatigue on physical performance: a systematic review. Sports Med 47:1569–1588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0672-0
Van der Linden D, Eling P (2006) Mental fatigue disturbs local processing more than global processing. Psychol Res 70:395–402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-005-0228-7
Van der Burg J, Pijnappels M, Van Dieën J (2005) Out-of-plane trunk movements and trunk muscle activity after a trip during walking. Exp Brain Res 165:407–412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-005-2312-z
Van der Linden D, Frese M, Meijman TF (2003a) Mental fatigue and the control of cognitive processes: Effects on perseveration and planning. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 113:45–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-6918(02)00150-6
Van Der Linden D, Frese M, Sonnentag S (2003b) The impact of mental fatigue on exploration in a complex computer task: rigidity and loss of systematic strategies. Hum Factors 45:483–494. https://doi.org/10.1518/hfes.45.3.483.27256
Varas-Diaz G, Kannan L, Bhatt T (2020) Effect of mental fatigue on postural sway in healthy older adults and stroke populations. Brain Sci 10:388. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10060388
Varela-Vásquez LA, Minobes-Molina E, Jerez-Roig J (2020) Dual-task exercises in older adults: a structured review of current literature. J Frailty Sarcopenia Falls 5:31. https://doi.org/10.22540/JFSF-05-031
Varghese JP, McIlroy RE, Barnett-Cowan M (2017) Perturbation-evoked potentials: significance and application in balance control research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 83:267–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.022
Verschueren J, Tassignon B, Proost M, Teugels A, Van Cutsem J, Roelands B, Verhagen E, Meeusen R (2020) Does mental fatigue negatively affect outcomes of functional performance tests? Med Sci Sports Exerc 52:2002–2010. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000002323
Warm JS, Parasuraman R, Matthews G (2008) Vigilance requires hard mental work and is stressful. Hum Factors 50:433–441. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872008X312152
Winter DA (1995) Human balance and posture control during standing and walking. Gait Posture 3:193–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/0966-6362(96)82849-9
Xiao Y, Ma F, Lv Y, Cai G, Teng P, Xu F, Chen S (2015) Sustained attention is associated with error processing impairment: evidence from mental fatigue study in four-choice reaction time task. PLoS ONE 10:e0117837. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117837
Xu D, Carlton LG, Rosengren KS (2004) Anticipatory postural adjustments for altering direction during walking. J Mot Behav 36:316–326. https://doi.org/10.3200/JMBR.36.3.316-326
Yardley L, Gardner M, Leadbetter A, Lavie N (1999) Effect of articulatory and mental tasks on postural control. NeuroReport 10:215–219
Funding
The authors have no funding sources to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
Ethics approval
This was a systematic review. No ethical approval was required.
Consent
This was a systematic review. No informed consent was required.
Additional information
Communicated by Bill J Yates.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Pitts, J., Bhatt, T. Effects of mentally induced fatigue on balance control: a systematic review. Exp Brain Res 241, 13–30 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-022-06464-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-022-06464-x