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Competition between frontal lobe functions and implicit sequence learning: evidence from the long-term effects of alcohol

Experimental Brain Research volume 233, pages 2081–2089 (2015)Cite this article

Abstract

Implicit sequence learning is a fundamental mechanism that underlies the acquisition of motor, cognitive and social skills. The relationship between implicit learning and executive functions is still debated due to the overlapping fronto-striatal networks. According to the framework of competitive neurocognitive networks, disrupting specific frontal lobe functions, such as executive functions, increases performance on implicit learning tasks. The aim of our study was to explore the nature of such a relationship by investigating the effect of long-term regular alcohol intake on implicit sequence learning. Since alcohol dependency impairs executive functions, we expected intact or even better implicit learning in patient group compared to the healthy controls based on the competitive relationship between these neurocognitive networks. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the long-term effects of alcohol dependency both on implicit learning and on executive functions requiring different but partly overlapping neurocognitive networks. Here, we show weaker executive functions but intact implicit learning in the alcohol-dependent group compared to the controls. Moreover, we found negative correlation between these functions in both groups. Our results confirm the competitive relationship between the fronto-striatal networks underlying implicit sequence learning and executive functions and suggest that the functional integrity of this relationship is unaltered in the alcohol-dependent group despite the weaker frontal lobe functions.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Hungarian Science Foundation KTIA NAP 13-2-2015-0002 (Dezso Nemeth), KTIA_NAP_13-1-2013-0001 (IV/5. Dr. Daniel Fabo) and Janos Bolyai Research Fellowship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (to K. J.).

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The authors report no conflict of interest and have no financial disclosure.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, Eotvos Lorand University, Izabella utca 46, Budapest, 1064, Hungary

      Marta Virag, Karolina Janacsek & Dezso Nemeth

    2. National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Epilepy Centrum, Budapest, Hungary

      Marta Virag & Daniel Fabo

    3. MTA-ELTE NAP B Brain, Memory and Language Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, MTA, Budapest, Hungary

      Karolina Janacsek & Dezso Nemeth

    4. Galfi Bela Hospital for Rehabilitation, Pomaz, Hungary

      Aniko Horvath & Zoltan Bujdoso

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    1. Marta Virag
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    Correspondence to Dezso Nemeth.

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    Marta Virag and Karolina Janacsek have contributed equally to this work.

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    Virag, M., Janacsek, K., Horvath, A. et al. Competition between frontal lobe functions and implicit sequence learning: evidence from the long-term effects of alcohol. Exp Brain Res 233, 2081–2089 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-015-4279-8

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-015-4279-8

    Keywords

    • Implicit learning
    • Procedural memory
    • Fronto-striatal network
    • Competitive brain networks
    • Executive functions