Vertex Operator Solutions to the Discrete KP-Hierarchy

Abstract:

Vertex operators, which are disguised Darboux maps, transform solutions of the KP equation into new ones. In this paper, we show that the bi-infinite sequence obtained by Darboux transforming an arbitrary KP solution recursively forward and backwards, yields a solution to the discrete KP-hierarchy. The latter is a KP hierarchy where the continuous space $x$-variable gets replaced by a discrete $n$-variable. The fact that these sequences satisfy the discrete KP hierarchy is tantamount to certain bilinear relations connecting the consecutive KP solutions in the sequence. At the Grassmannian level, these relations are equivalent to a very simple fact, which is the nesting of the associated infinite-dimensional planes (flag). The discrete KP hierarchy can thus be viewed as a container for an entire ensemble of vertex or Darboux generated KP solutions.

It turns out that many new and old systems lead to such discrete (semi-infinite) solutions, like sequences of soliton solutions, with more and more solitons, sequences of Calogero–Moser systems, having more and more particles, just to mention a few examples; this is developed in [3]. In this paper, as another example, we show that the q-KP hierarchy maps, via a kind of Fourier transform, into the discrete KP hierarchy, enabling us to write down a very large class of solutions to the q-KP hierarchy. This was also reported in a brief note [4].