Abstract
Based on the matrix-resolvent approach, for an arbitrary solution to the discrete KdV hierarchy, we define the tau-function of the solution, and compare it with another tau-function of the solution defined via reduction of the Toda lattice hierarchy. Explicit formulae for generating series of logarithmic derivatives of the tau-functions are obtained, and applications to enumeration of ribbon graphs with even valencies and to certain special cubic Hodge integrals are considered.
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Notes
The number \(a_g(2j_1,\ldots ,2j_k)\) has the alternative expression \(a_g(2j_1,\ldots ,2j_k) = \sum _G \frac{\prod _{\ell =1}^k (2 j_\ell )}{\#\, \mathrm{Sym} \, G}\), where \(\sum _G\) denotes summation over connected ribbon graphs G with unlabelled half-edges and unlabelled vertices of genus g with k vertices of valencies \(2j_1, \ldots , 2j_k\).
We can say in a more accurate sense that the logarithmic derivatives are identified with the correlation functions, where the latter are defined as abstract differential polynomials; see for example [18] for the details.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the anonymous referee for valuable suggestions and constructive comments that improve a lot the presentation of the paper. One of the authors D.Y. is grateful to Youjin Zhang and Don Zagier for their advising, and to Giulio Ruzza for helpful discussions. Part of the work of D.Y. was done when he was a post-doc at MPIM, Bonn; he thanks MPIM for excellent working conditions and financial supports.
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Boris Dubrovin: Deceased on March 19, 2019.
On Consequence of the Hodge–GUE Correspondence
On Consequence of the Hodge–GUE Correspondence
In this appendix, we derive a consequence of the Hodge–GUE correspondence that has a similar flavour to formula (121). Note that
Then by comparing the coefficients of \(s_{p_1} \dots s_{p_l}\) of the both sides of (118) we get
Here \(\langle \sigma _{p_1}\dots \sigma _{p_l}\rangle (x;\epsilon ) =: \sum _{g\ge 0} \epsilon ^{2g-2} \langle \sigma _{p_1}\dots \sigma _{p_l}\rangle _g(x)\), and \(\langle \sigma _{p_1}\dots \sigma _{p_l}\rangle (x;\epsilon ) \) are the modified GUE correlators with even couplings defined in (113). Taking \(x=1\) we find
A further consideration to (125) was given in [5].
Combining (124) with (115) we find for any fixed \(l\ge 1\), \(p_1,\dots ,p_l\ge 1\) the following identities:
Note that for any \(g\ge 0\), the RHS is a priori a power series of \(x-1\), but the LHS shows that it is actually a monomial of x and so is also a polynomial of \(x-1\). This subset of the identities deserve a further investigation. Moreover, the LHS vanishes when g is sufficiently large, an so is the RHS; this provides another subset of the identities for the cubic Hodge integrals.
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Dubrovin, B., Yang, D. Matrix Resolvent and the Discrete KdV Hierarchy. Commun. Math. Phys. 377, 1823–1852 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-020-03770-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-020-03770-9