Abstract
In this paper we consider the quasi-periodic Schrödinger cocycle over \(\mathbb{T}^d\) (d ≥ 1) and, in particular, its projectivization. In the regime of large coupling constants and Diophantine frequencies, we give an affirmative answer to a question posed by M. Herman [21, p.482] concerning the geometric structure of certain Strange Non-chaotic Attractors which appear in the projective dynamical system. We also show that for some phase, the lowest energy in the spectrum of the associated Schrödinger operator is an eigenvalue with an exponentially decaying eigenfunction. This generalizes [39] to the multi-frequency case (d > 1).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson P. (1958). Absence of diffusion in certain random lattices. Phys. Rev. 109: 1492–1501
Avron J. and Simon B. (1983). Almost periodic Schrödinger operators. II. The integrated density of states. Duke Math. J. 50(1): 369–391
Benedicks M. and Carleson L. (1991). The dynamics of the Hénon map. Ann. of Math. (2) 133(1): 73–169
Bjerklöv K. (2005). Positive Lyapunov exponent and minimality for a class of 1-d quasi-periodic Schrödinger equations. Ergodic Theory Dynam. Systems 25(4): 1015–1045
Bjerklöv K. (2006). Explicit examples of arbitrarily large analytic ergodic potentials with zero Lyapunov exponent. Geom. Funct. Anal. 16(6): 1183–1200
Bjerklöv K.: Positive Lypunov exponent and minimality for the continuous 1-d quasi-periodic Schrödinger equation with two basic frequencies. To appear in Ann. Henri Poincaré
Bjerklöv K., Jäger T.H.: Strange non-chaotic attractors in quasi-periodically forced circle maps. In preparation.
Bourgain J.: Green’s function estimates for lattice Schrödinger operators and applications. Annals of Mathematics Studies, 158. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 2005
Bourgain J. (2005). Positivity and continuity of the Lyapounov exponent for shifts on \(\mathbb{T}^d\) with arbitrary frequency vector and real analytic potentialJ. Anal. Math. 96: 313–355
Bourgain J. and Goldstein M. (2000). On nonperturbative localization with quasi-periodic potential. Ann. of Math. (2) 152(3): 835–879
Chan, J.: Methods of variations of potentials of quasi-periodic Schrödinger equation. To appear in Geom. Funct. Anal.
Delyon F. and Souillard B. (1983). The rotation number for finite difference operators and its properties. Commun. Math. Phys. 89(3): 415–426
Eliasson L.H. (1997). Discrete one-dimensional quasi-periodic Schrödinger operators with pure point spectrum. Acta Math. 179(2): 153–196
Eliasson, L.H.: Ergodic skew-systems on \(\mathbb{T}^{d} \times {\rm SO}(3,\mathbb{R})\). Ergodic Theory Dynam. Systems 22(5), 1429–1449 (2002)
Eliasson L.H. (1992). Floquet solutions for the 1-dimensional quasi-periodic Schrödinger equation. Commun. Math. Phys. 146(3): 447–482
Fröhlich J., Spencer T. and Wittwer P. (1990). Localization for a class of one-dimensional quasi-periodic Schrödinger operators. Commun. Math. Phys. 132(1): 5–25
Gordon, A.: The point spectrum of the one-dimensional Schrödinger operator. (Russian) Usp. Mat. Nauk 31(1)(190), 257–258 (1976)
Grebogi C., Ott E., Pelikan S. and Yorke J. (1984). Strange attractors that are not chaotic. Phys. D 13(1–2): 261–268
Goldstein M. and Schlag W. (2001). Hölder continuity of the integrated density of states for quasi-periodic Schrödinger equations and averages of shifts of subharmonic functions. Ann. of Math. (2) 154(1): 155–203
Goldstein, M., Schlag, W.: On resonances and the formation of gaps in the spectrum of quasi-periodic Schroedinger equations. Manuscript, available at http://arxive.org/list/math.DS/0511392, 2005
Herman, M.: Une méthode pour minorer les exposants de Lyapounov et quelques exemples montrant le caractère local d’un théorème d’Arnold et de Moser sur le tore de dimension 2. Comment. Math. Helv. 58(3), 453–502 (1983)
Johnson R. (1986). Exponential dichotomy, rotation number and linear differential operators with bounded coefficients. J. Differ. Eqs. 61(1): 54–78
Johnson R. (1978). Ergodic theory and linear differential. equations. J. Differential Equations 28(1): 23–34
Johnson R. (1982). The recurrent Hill’s equation. J. Differ. Eqs. 46(2): 165–193
Johnson R. and Moser J. (1982). The rotation number for almost periodic potentials. Commun. Math. Phys. 84(3): 403–438
Jorba, A., Núñez, C., Obaya, R., Tatjer, J.: Old and new results on snas on the real line. Preprint.
Jäger, T.H.: On the structure of strange nonchaotic attractors in pinched skew products. To appear in Ergodic Theory Dynam. Systems, doi: 10.1017/S0143385706000745, 2006
Jäger, T.H.: The creation of strange non-chaotic attractors in non-smooth saddle-node bifurcations. Manuscript, available at www.inv.uni-erlargen.de/njaeger/n preprints/sna.ps.2006
Jäger, T.H.: Existence and structure of strange non-chaotic attractors. Ph.D Thesis, 2005, available at http://www.ini.uni-erlargen.de/njaeger
Keller G. (1996). A note on strange nonchaotic attractors. Fund. Math. 151(2): 139–148
Klein S. (2005). Anderson localization for the discrete one-dimensional quasi-periodic Schrödinger operator with potential defined by a Gevrey-class function. J. Funct. Anal. 218(2): 255–292
Millionščikov V.M. (1969). A proof of the existence of nonregular systems of linear differential equations with quasiperiodic coefficients. (Russian) Differencial’nye Uravnenija 5: 1979–1983
Oseledets V.I. (1968). A multiplicative ergodic theorem. Characteristic Ljapunov, exponents of dynamical systems. (Russian) Trudy Moskov. Mat. Obšč. 19: 179–210
Prasad, A., Negi, S., Ramaswamy, R.: Strange nonchaotic attractors. Internat. J. Bifur. Chaos Appl. Sci. Engrg. 11
Puig J. (2006). A nonperturbative Eliasson’s reducibility theorem. Nonlinearity 19(2): 355–376
Ruelle D. (1979). Ergodic theory of differentiable dynamical systems. Inst. Hautes Études Sci. Publ. Math. No. 50: 27–58
Simon B. (1982). Almost periodic Schrödinger operators: a review. Adv. in Appl. Math. 3(4): 463–490
Sinai Ya.G. (1987). Anderson localization for one-dimensional difference Schrödinger operator with quasiperiodic potential. J. Statist. Phys. 46(5-6): 861–909
Soshnikov A. (1993). Difference almost-periodic Schrödinger operators: corollaries of localization. Commun. Math. Phys. 153(3): 465–477
Sorets E. and Spencer T. (1991). Positive Lyapunov exponents for Schrödinger operators with quasi-periodic potentials. Commun. Math. Phys. 142(3): 543–566
Vinograd R.E. (1975). On a problem of N. P. Erugin. (Russian) Differencial’nye Uravnenija 11(4): 632–638
Young L.-S. (1997). Lyapunov exponents for some quasi-periodic cocycles. Ergodic Theory Dynam. Systems 17(2): 483–504
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by G. Gallavotti
Research partially supported by STINT (Institutional Grant 2002-2052), The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and SVeFUM
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bjerklöv, K. Dynamics of the Quasi-Periodic Schrödinger Cocycle at the Lowest Energy in the Spectrum. Commun. Math. Phys. 272, 397–442 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-007-0238-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-007-0238-y