Abstract
We show that eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on certain non-compact domains with finite area may localize at infinity—provided there is no extreme level clustering—and thus rule out quantum unique ergodicity for such systems. The construction is elementary and based on `bouncing ball' quasimodes whose discrepancy is proved to be significantly smaller than the mean level spacing.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bäcker, A., Schubert, R., Stifter, P.: On the number of bouncing ball modes in billiards. J. Phys. A 30, no. 19, 6783–6795 (1997)
van den Berg, M.: Dirichlet-Neumann bracketing for horn-shaped regions. J. Funct. Anal. 104, no. 1, 110–120 (1992)
van den Berg, M.: On the spectral counting function for the Dirichlet Laplacian. J. Funct. Anal. 107, no. 2, 352–361 (1992)
van den Berg, M., Lianantonakis, M.: Asymptotics for the spectrum of the Dirichlet Laplacian on horn-shaped regions. Indiana Univ. Math. J. 50, no. 1, 299–333 (2001)
Bogomolny, E., Schmit, C.: Structure of wave functions of pseudointegrable billiards. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 244102 (2004)
Burq, N., Zworski, M.: Geometric control in the presence of a black box. J. Amer. Math. Soc. 17, no. 2, 443–471 (2004)
Burq, N., Zworski, M.: Bouncing ball modes and quantum chaos. To appear in Siam Review
Burq, N., Zworski, M.: Eigenfunctions for partially rectangular billiards. http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/math/pdf/0312098.pdf, 2003
Colin de Verdière, Y.: Quasi-modes sur les variétés Riemanniennes. Invent. Math. 43, no. 1, 15–52 (1977)
Colin de Verdière, Y.: Ergodicité et fonctions propres du laplacien. Commun. Math. Phys. 102, 497–502 (1985)
Degli Esposti, M., Graffi, S., Isola, S.: Classical limit of the quantized hyperbolic toral automorphisms. Commun. Math. Phys. 167, no. 3, 471–507 (1995)
Degli Esposti, M., Del Magno, G., Lenci, M.: Escape orbits and ergodicity in infinite step billiards. Nonlinearity 13, no. 4, 1275–1292 (2000)
Donnelly, H.G.: Quantum unique ergodicity. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 131, no. 9, 2945–2951 (2003)
Faure, F., Nonnenmacher, S.: On the maximal scarring for quantum cat map eigenstates. Commun. Math. Phys. 245, no. 1, 201–214 (2004)
Faure, F., Nonnenmacher, S., De Bièvre, S.: Scarred eigenstates for quantum cat maps of minimal periods. Commun. Math. Phys. 239, no. 3, 449–492 (2003)
Graffi, S., Lenci, M.: Localization in infinite billiards: a comparison between quantum and classical ergodicity. J. Stat. Phys. 116, 821–830 (2004)
Heller, E.J., O'Connor, P.W.: Quantum localization for a strongly classically chaotic system. Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, (20), 2288–2291 (1988)
Hillairet, L.: Weyl's reminder on translation surfaces. Prepub. 333, ENS-Lyon, 2005
Ivrii, V.: Microlocal analysis and precise spectral asymptotics. Springer Monographs in Mathematics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1998
Kurlberg, P., Rudnick, Z.: Hecke theory and equidistribution for the quantization of linear maps of the torus. Duke Math. J. 103, no. 1, 47–77 (2000)
Kurlberg, P., Rudnick, Z.: On quantum ergodicity for linear maps of the torus. Commun. Math. Phys. 222, no. 1, 201–227 (2001)
Lazutkin, V.F.: KAM theory and semiclassical approximations to eigenfunctions. With an addendum by A. I. Shnirelman. Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete (3) [Results in Mathematics and Related Areas (3)], 24. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993
Lenci, M.: Semi-dispersing billiards with an infinite cusp. I. Commun. Math. Phys. 230, no. 1, 133–180 (2002)
Lenci, M.: Semidispersing billiards with an infinite cusp. II. Chaos 13, no. 1, 105–111 (2003)
Lindenstrauss, E.: Invariant measures and arithmetic quantum unique ergodicity. To appear in Annals of Math
Marklof, J., Rudnick, Z.: Quantum unique ergodicity for parabolic maps. Geom. Funct. Anal. 10, no. 6, 1554–1578 (2000)
Rudnick, Z., Sarnak, P.: The behaviour of eigenstates of arithmetic hyperbolic manifolds. Commun. Math. Phys. 161, no. 1, 195–213 (1994)
Sarnak, P.: Spectra of hyperbolic surfaces. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 40, no. 4, 441–478 (2003)
Schnirelman, A.I.: Ergodic properties of eigenfunctions. Uspehi Mat. Nauk 29, 181–182 (1974)
Simon, B.: Functional integration and quantum physics. In: Pure and Applied Mathematics, 86. New York-London: Academic Press, Inc. [Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers], 1979
Tanner, G.: How chaotic is the stadium billiard? A semiclassical analysis. J. Phys. A 30, no. 8, 2863–2888 (1997)
Zelditch, S.: Uniform distribution of eigenfunctions on compact hyperbolic surfaces. Duke Math. J. 55, 919–941 (1987)
Zelditch, S.: Note on quantum unique ergodicity. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 132, no. 6, 1869–1872 (2004)
Zelditch, S., Zworski, M.: Ergodicity of eigenfunctions for ergodic billiards. Commun. Math. Phys. 175, no. 3, 673–682 (1996)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by P. Sarnak
Research supported by an EPSRC Advanced Research Fellowship and EPSRC Research Grant GR/T28058/01.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Marklof, J. Quantum Leaks. Commun. Math. Phys. 264, 303–316 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-005-1467-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-005-1467-6